شناسايي و رفع موانع اصلي بازيافت پسماندهاي توليدي در واحدهاي صنعتي كوچك و متوسط با استفاده از رويكرد تلفيقي ISM، LCA و AHP (مطالعه موردي: شهرك صنعتي شماره دو اروميه)

Addressing the Main Obstacles in Industrial Waste Recycling Generated at Small and Medium- Size Industrial Units Using ISM, LCA, and AHP Methodologies (Case Study: No. 2 Urmia Industrial Complex)

ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎزﯾﺎﻓﺖ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻬﺮكﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ، از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ و ﻃﺮحرﯾﺰي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ رﻓﻊ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ اﺻﻠﯽ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي روشﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ، ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺷﻬﺮك ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﻤﺎره دو اروﻣﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧُﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎزﯾﺎﻓﺖ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل روش ISM، ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ B5 )ﺟﺬاﺑﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﻧﺪك ﺑﺮاي ﭘﯿﻤﺎﻧﮑﺎر ﺟﻤﻊآوري(، B1 )ﻧﺒﻮد آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ(، B9 )ﻧﺒﻮد دﻓﺘﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ( و B3 اﻃﻼعرﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ(، ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ در ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ، ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﮐﻠﯿﺪي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺻﻼح ﻣﺎﻧﻊ B5 در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد روﻧﺪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ، دو ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮي ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﻣﺨﻠﻮط و ﻣﺠﺰاي زاﯾﺪات ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎزﯾﺎﻓﺖ از واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ، ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روﯾﮑﺮد LCA، ﻣﯿﺰان اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎي ﯾﮏ و دو ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 17/86- و 22/15- MTCE/yr و اﻧﺮژي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﺣﺪود 0/558 و 0/545 MBtu/yr ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ. درآﻣﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻓﺮوش ﻣﻮاد ﭘﺮدازش ﺷﺪه ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 819 و 192 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن رﯾﺎل در ﺳﺎل )ﺳﺎل اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ 1396( ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ زده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺳﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﻨﯽ/اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و زﯾﺮﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ، ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮي ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز 0/5028 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ روﯾﮑﺮدي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﮔﺮ وزن ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از 0/22 ﻣﺤﺪود ﺷﻮد،در ﻫﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻄﯽ از ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ وزن ﻣﻌﯿﺎر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮي دو ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد.

The proper management of the recyclable wastes generated at small and medium size industrial units (SMIUs) through identifying obstacles and designing implementation plans, is the main objective of present paper. No. 2 Urmia Industrial complex was selected as the case study. A total of 9 barriers were identified in the context of the current weak management of recycleable wastes. Applying ISM methodology, barriers B5 (low economic attractiveness for the contractor), B1 (lack of public awareness), B9 (lack of research and development office), and B3 (inappropriate informing), were considered as the key ones. Given the importance of modifying the B5 barrier to improve current management process, two scenarios for collection of mixed or source separate recyclables were defined. Using the LCA approach, the emissions from scenarios 1 and 2 were estimated to be -17.86 and -15.22 MTCE/yr, respectively. The energy consumption rates were about 0.558 and 0.545 MBtu/yr. Furthermore, net sales of processed materials were 819 and 192 million rials (estimated based on 2017 market prices). The results of hierarchical analysis based on three environmental, economic, and technical/social criteria and the relevant sub criteria revealed the importance of the economic criterion in the decision making process. Eventually Scenario 1 was selected with a score of 0.5028 as the preferred option. In this paper, a new approach is proposed for sensitivity analysis. Based on this approach, while the weight of the environmental criterion kept below 0.22, in any weight of economic criterion, scenario 2 will be superior.