پتانسيل‌سنجي و ارزيابي توان توليد بيوگاز از زيست توده فضولات دامي (نمونه موردي: گاوداري‌هاي صنعتي استان بوشهر)

Specified Evaluation of Livestock Manure Resources for Biogas Production (Case Study: Dairy Industries of Bushehr Province, Iran)

ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞﺳﻨﺠﯽ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﯿﻮﮔﺎز از زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﻓﻀﻮﻻت داﻣﯽ در ﮔﺎوداريﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻌﺪاد و ﻇﺮﻓﯿ ﺖ ﮔﺎوداريﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻓﻌﺎل، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻓﻀﻮﻻت در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ دام ﺑﺮآورد و ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿ ﺪ ﺑﯿﻮﮔﺎز، اﻧﺮژي ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ و ﺑﺮق ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل از ﻓﻀﻮﻻت داﻣﯽ، ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ و ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳ ﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺘﺎن در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻫﻀﻢ ﺑﯽﻫﻮازي ﻓﻀﻮﻻت داﻣﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ، ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ دام در ﮔﺎوداريﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻓﻌﺎل اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 42/5ﻫﺰار ﺗﻦ ﻓﻀﻮﻻت در ﺳﺎل ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﯿﻮﮔﺎز ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ از ﻓﻀﻮﻻت 1/97ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ در ﺳﺎل ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﯿﻮﮔﺎز ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آوردن اﻧﺮژي ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 11/44ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﮐﯿﻠﻮوات ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در ﺳﺎل را دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺮق از ﺑﯿﻮﮔﺎز ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 3/55ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﮐﯿﻠﻮوات ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در ﺳﺎل اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ 0/05 درﺻﺪ از اﻧﺮژي اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﻪ در ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ را ﺟﺒﺮان ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻣﺘﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺑﯿﻮﮔﺎز ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻫﻀﻢ ﺑﯽﻫﻮازي ﻓﻀﻮﻻت داﻣﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ دارد. ﺑﻄﻮرﯾﮑﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺘﺎن ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 2/4ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﺎﺿﻢ در درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت 33/9درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﮔﺮاد ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺗﺎ 15/6درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﮔﺮاد، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺘﺎن ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ 9/49 ﻫﺰار ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﺎﺿﻢ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ

Considering the importance of animal waste obtained from livestock industries as the enormous raw substances for energy production, the present study was conducted to assess the biogas production potential from livestock manure in dairy industries of Bushehr province, Iran. Temperature is a critical parameter for anaerobic digestion since it influences both system heat requirements and methane production. So, a furthere objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lowland and highland temperature regimes on the methane production from dairy digesters. Therefore, in this study, obtainable amount of biogas was determined by using data from industrial cattle farms in Bushehr. Then, the amount of the electricity that can be generated from biogas was performed. The findings of this study indicated that biogas potential of 1.97 million m3 year-1 could be produced from livestock manure in dairy industries of Bushehr which could provide an electricity generation of 3.55 million kWh year-1. Methane production under mesophilic temperature conditions could be several times higher than the methane production at psychrophilic and low temperatures. As a result, the highest methane yield was found at temperature of 33.9 °C. Under these condition, methane production potential was found as 2.4 million NL CH4 digester-1. Results showed that anaerobic treatment of manure has the beneficial outcomes of reducing environmental pollution through proper waste management, reduction of unpleasant odors and microbial pathogens with a sustainable production of energy source as biogas.