بررسي آلودگي فلزات سنگين و ارزيابي ريسك مصرف ميوه سيب (مطالعه موردي: منطقه آيينه ورزان دماوند)

Investigation of Heavy Metals Pollution and Assessment the Risk of Apple Fruit Consumption (Case Study: Ayeneh Varazan Damavand Area)

ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ،ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ رﻫﺎﺳﺎزي ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺷﻬﺮك ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎغﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﺎن ﺳﯿﺐ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آﯾﯿﻨﻪ ورزان دﻣﺎوﻧﺪ اﺳﺖ. از ﭼﺎهﻫﺎي آب ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ در دو ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ 1396 ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ 36 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آب ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، 10 اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ و 30 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ آﻣﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺲ از ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﺮدن، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺳﯿﺪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮﯾﮏ و ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﺪروژن ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ1:3 و دﻣﺎي 80 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﮕﺮاد ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻫﻀﻢ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﺮب ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻢ و ﮐﺮوم در ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺟﺬب اﺗﻤﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﻠﺰات در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آب ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺳﺮب ،ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻢ و ﮐﺮوم1/609 ، 1/290 و 2/768 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد آب آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﺮوم و ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ و ﺳﺮب ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺣﺪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﺮب، ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻢ و ﮐﺮوم در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ0/192 ،0/261 0/156 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮم ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺐ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان ، ﮐﺮوم و ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ و ﺳﺮب از ﺣﺪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﮐﻤﺘﺮ و در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ، ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻢ در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ و ﺳﺮب و ﮐﺮوم ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾ ﺎﺑﯽ رﯾﺴﮏ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﯿﺐ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺟﺬب روزاﻧﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮب، ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻢ وﮐﺮوم0/9914 ، 0/9990 و1/0009 ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of sewage discharge from the industrial town on apple orchards in the Ayneh Varzan area of Damavand. The wells water of the region was sampled monthly in two seasons of summer and autumn 2018 and a total of 36 water samples were taken. For apple sampling, ,10 stations in the region were considered and 30 apple samples were harvested. To prepare apple samples, after drying, digestion was performed using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a ratio of 3:1 and 80 ° C. The concentrations of heavy metals lead, cadmium and chromium in solutions were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The total mean concentrations of metals in all water samples in the region were lead, cadmium and chromium respectively, 1.609, 1.290 and 2.768 mg / l. Results show chromium and cadmium, higher and Lead is lower than irrigation water standard of Iran. The mean of lead, cadmium and chromium in apple samples were 0.192, 0.261 and 0.156 μg / g, respectively. The average concentration of chromium and cadmium were higher than national standard of Iran. Cadmium concentration in samples obtained more than standard of the World Health Organization. To assess the risk of apple consumption, DI (daily metal uptake) and risk index (HQ) were calculated. The HQ risk index for lead, cadmium, chromium was 0.9914, 0.9990 and 1.009, respectively.