تبيين و تحليل وضعيت سرمايه اجتماعي در ايران دوره صفويه با تكيه بر نظريه اعتماد پيوتر زتومكا

Explaining and analyzing the status of social capital and public trust in Safavid Iran Analysis of the role of trust culture in the economic system of Safavid Iran

ايران در دوره صفويه بويژه درعهد شاه عباس اول ( 1038-978 ق / 1629-1571م ) رشد سياسي، فرهنگي واقتصادي قابل توجهي را تجربه كرد.لذا با توجه به اهميت اعتماد و سرمايه اجتماعي درتوسعه پايدار، در اين جستار تلاش شده است با تكيه برنظريه اعتماد زتومكا، وضعيت سرمايه اجتماعي ايران اواخر دوره صفوي بررسي شده و به اين پرسش پاسخ داده شود كه آيا نظام اقتصادي ايران دوره صفويه امكان و ظرفيت‌هاي فرهنگي-اجتماعي لازم جهت استمرار رونق اقتصادي و حتي گام نهادن در مسير نظام سرمايه داري را داشته است ؟ بر اين اساس در اين پژوهش با رويكرد توصيفي-تحليلي و با استفاده از منابع تاريخي از طريق بررسي و تحليل شاخصه هاي اعتماد زتومكا، وضعيت سرمايه اجتماعي در ايران دوره صفويه مورد واكاوي قرارگرفت. يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش نشان مي دهد رواج تركيبي از عوامل زمينه اي اجتماعي و فرهنگي همچون تقديرگرايي، فساد مالي، رشوه، نفاق، حال­گرايي و عدم خطر پذيري به عنوان كاهنده‌هاي اعتماد وسرمايه اجتماعي در اين دوره عمل كرده‌اند. از اين رو چنين مي توان نتيجه گرفت كه سرمايه اجتماعي پايين ظرفيت‌ لازم را براي ورود ايرانيان به مدار توسعه فراهم نمي كرد.

The Safavid rule(907-1135 AH/1502-1722 AD) fell in spite of its initial prosperity and as a result of internal invasion of the Cholzai Afghan in (1135 AH 1722 AD). In this article by explaining and analyzing the characteristics of public trust , and examining the status of public trust and confidence in Safavid Iranian society, an attempt is made to answer the question of whether the economic system of Svafid Iran had the necessary conditions and cultural and social capacities necessary for sustainable growth and development and even becoming a step in the path of a capitalist system? Based on this , in this research with descriptive-analytical approach and using the sources and documents of library history and by explaining and analyzing the characteristics of trust, the possibility of sustainable growth and the development of the Iranian economy in the Sfavid period has been studied based on Zetomka’s theory. In this factor study, the findings of this study show that the prevalence of a combination of social and cultural factor such as density, corruption, bribery, hypocrisy, modernism and the lack of risk and the main effective components in reducing trust and social capital in this periods have been considered. The research finding indicates that it can be concluded the economic system of Safavid period in terms of fragile status of low social capital and low social trust and as a result of low social participation, public trust lacks the necessary capacity to keep Iranians in development orbit and continuation of the prosperity and the facilities necessary for sustainable growth and development did not provide.