مدارس تيزهوشان در ترازوي عدالت، نقدي بر مدارس استعدادهاي درخشان از منظر عدالت توزيعي

Gifted Schools on the Scales of Justice

هدف اين پژوهش واكاوي و قضاوت درباره نسبت مدارس تيزهوشان با عدالت اجتماعي است. براي رسيدن به اين هدف با روش تحليل مفهومي، مفهوم عدالت توزيعي بررسي و ملاك‌هاي مناسب آن براي توزيع خير تربيت مدرسه‌اي (رسمي و عمومي) تبيين شد. بر اساس نتايج اين تحليل، شرط توزيع برابر فرصت‌ها به نحو مقدم و شرط استحقاق به نحو مؤخر به عنوان شرط لازم و كافي براي تحقق عدالت توزيعي در تربيت مدرسه‌اي صورت‌بندي شد. مدارس استعدادهاي درخشان بر اساس اين دو شرط و به دليل توجه به تيزهوشي به ‌عنوان شرط مقدم، بدون لحاظ كردن برابري فرصت‌ها، ناعادلانه بوده و پيشنهادشده است كه اين مدارس از دوره عمومي (پايه اول تا پايه نهم) حذف شوند.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and judge the relationship between gifted schools and social justice. To achieve this goal, the concept of distributive justice was studied analytically and its appropriate criteria for the distribution of good school education (formal and public) were examined. As a results of this study, two necessary and sufficient conditions for the realization of distributive justice in school education were formulated. The first is the condition of equal distribution of opportunities as a the prerequisite condition, and the second is the condition of entitlement as the sufficient and final condition. Based on these two conditions, we found that due to the adoption of intelligence as the prerequisite condition without considering equal access to school education opportunities, gifted schools are unfair and it is suggested that these schools be excluded from the general education period (first to ninth grade), that is, from the first elementary level to the end of junior high school level).