ايمان و كفر دو مرحله‌اي در قرآن

Double-Staged Faith and Unfaithfulness in God according to the Holy Qur'an

در قرآن مجيد، ايمان كليد رستگاري و كفر عامل شقاوت انسان است. اما آيا ايمان و كفر در قرآن مجيد يك معنا و يك مرحله دارد؟ از آياتي از قرآن مجيد برمي‌آيد كه خداوند به كساني كه ايمان آورده‌اند دستور مي‌دهد كه به خدا و پيامبر و كتاب ايمان آورند؛ آيا دستور به ايمان به فرد مؤمن تحصيلِ حاصل نيست؟ مفسران براي حل اين مشكل بيان‌هاي مختلف و متفاوتي ارائه كرده‌اند. اما سخن اين نوشتار اين است كه ايمان دو مرحله دارد، يكي اصل حق‌پرستي كه فطري است و ديگري تسليم شدن در مقابل مصاديق حق. اين آيات به اين دو مرحله از ايمان اشاره دارند. همچنين مطابق قرآن مجيد كفر نيز دو مرحله دارد، يكي اينكه باورهاي كسي مطابق حق نباشد و ديگر اينكه با حق عناد داشته باشد. كفرِ دوم است كه باعث هلاكت انسان مي­شود، اما كفر اول ممكن است با ايمان فطري جمع شود. كليد نجات و رستگاري همان تسليم بودن در مقابل حق، يعني ايمان فطري است.

The Holy Qur'an states that faith in God is the key to salvation and unfaithfulness is the main factor to lead the man to the eternal affliction. But according to Qur'an, do the faith and unfaithfulness in God have merely one meaning and one stage? Some verses of Qur'an imply that God has commanded those who have faith in God to believe in Allah, His messenger, the Scripture and …. Is not the command to a believer to believe in God actualization of the actualized? To solve this problem, various statements have been offered by commentators. However, this article argues that faith in God has double-stage. The first stage, the principle of theism which assumes faith and religion an innate trait for human beings and the other stage is walking in obedience to God's word. These verses refer to this double-stage of faith. Corresponding, according to the Holy Qur'an unfaithfulness has two stages. The first stage is that one's beliefs are not in the path of God and the second one is the enmity and opposition to God. The second unfaithfulness causes the man's destruction. But unfaithfulness related to the first stage approximates innate belief. The key to salvation is the submissions to divine will, namely faith is innate.