كارنامه نظامي امام علي (ع) در عصر نبوت: بازيابي منابع و ارزيابي اعتبار روايات يعقوبي

A Military Record of Imam Ali (AS) during the Life of the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA): Retrieving the Resources and Evaluating the Authenticity of Al-Ya’qubi’s Narrations

تاريخ يعقوبي اثر احمد بن ابي يعقوب (د. 284ه‍ ) از جمله تواريخ عمومي است كه به روش تركيبي تأليف شده، بدين معني كه با حذف زنجير‌ه اِسنادها و تلفيق محتواي چند روايت از يك رويداد گزارشي واحد و منسجم از آن عرضه كرده است. حذف زنجيرة اِسنادها، نا هم‌خواني برخي از گزارش‌ها با روايات ديگر منابع شناخته شدة هم‌عصر (المَغازي، السيره النَبَويَّه، الطَبَقات الكُبري و...) و به ويژه ارائه گزارش‌هاي متفرّد و متشيّعانه يعقوبي بازيابي منابع و ارزيابي اعتبار روايات او را ضرور مي‌سازد. پرسش‌هاي اصلي اين پژوهش اينهاست: منابع يعقوبي كدام است؟ آيا اين منابع اعتبار و وثاقت كافي دارند؟ وسرانجام اين‌‌كه معيار يعقوبي براي گزينش روايات چه بوده است؟ بنابر يافته‌ها‌ي پژوهش اگرچه گزارش‌هاي يعقوبي در باب نقش علي (ع) در غَزَوات اُحُد، خندق، بني قُرَيظَه، بني جَذيمَه، حُنَين و فتح مكه هم‌سو با ساير منابع و معتبر است؛ اما در جاهايي متأتّر از گرايش‌هاي شيعي گزارش‌هايي متفاوت و گاه شاذّ ارائه كرده كه منبع آن‌ها مشخّص نيست.

Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi, written by Ahmad ibn Abi Ya’qub (d. 284 AH), is one of the general histories that has been compiled in a combined method; that is it presents a whole coherent account of a historical event by removing the chain of narrators as well as integrating several records of a same event. There are some factors in Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi that make it necessary to retrieve its resources as well as evaluate the authenticity of its narrations: the removal of the chain of narrators, the inconsistency of some reports with the accounts of other well-known contemporary resources (Al-Maghazi, Al-Sirah Al- Nabawiyyah, Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra, etc.) and specifically including unheard and Shii-like narrations. The main questions of this research include: What are the resources of Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi? Are these resources sufficiently credible? an‎d finally, what was Al-Ya’qubi’s criterion in authenticating the narrations? According to the research findings, although Al- Ya’qubi’s accounts on the role of Imam Ali (as) in the Prophet-led battles of Uhud, Khandaq, Bani Qurayzah, Bani Jazima, Hunayn and the Conquest of Mecca are valid and in line with other resources, his history - influenced by his Shiite attitudes - sometimes includes different and rare accounts, the resource of which is not known.