ارزيابي و نقد ديدگاه هاي علامه طباطبايي، قاضي عبدالجبار و قاضي باقلاني در رويكردهاي مختلف در مسئله امامت

Evaluation and Critique of the Views of Allameh Tabatabai, Judge Abdul Jabbar, Judge Baqalani In different Approaches to the Issue of Imamate

مسئله امامت در تاريخ انديشه اسلامي و نيز رويكردهاي مختلف اين موضوع، پيشينه اي طولاني دارد. امامت، به معناي رهبري و رياست امت است كه طبعاً نوعي تبعيت و پيروي گروهي را به همراه دارد. اما سئوال اين است اين پشوايي و پيروي، كه موجب تفاوتهايي ميان مذاهب مختلف اسلامي نيز،گرديده، شامل چه قلمروي، و چه بُعدي از ابعاد زندگي دنيوي و اخروي انسان مي گردد. مذاهب اماميه، معتزله و اشاعره علي رغم شباهت در بعضي ويژگي هاي امام، تفاوتهايي اساسي در مسئله امامت با يكديگر دارند. اين امر موجب گرديده همواره بين علما و متفكران اين سه مذهب تضارب آرا در اين مورد وجود داشته باشد. تحليل و نقد آرا كلامي و ديدگاههاي اين متكلمان اسلامي، موجب تبيين راه حق وجايگاه امام ميشود. اين پژوهش باروش توصيف وتحليل متن و به شيوه كتابخانه اي، درصدد واكاوي فلسفه وجود و ويژگي هاي امام ازمنظر سه متفكر برجسته اسلامي:علامه طباطبايي شيعي، قاضي عبدالجبارمعتزلي و قاضي باقلاني اشعري، است. علامه حقيقت امامت را از سنخ ولايت تكويني و هدايت باطني و معنوي و وجوب عقلي علي الله بيان مي كند، قاضي عبدالجبار آن را مسئله اي اجرائي و عقلي و ضرورتي اجتماعي به منظور حفظ كيان اسلامي مي داند. باقلاني نيز آن را فرعي فقهي و شرعي به منظور اداره امور جامعه اسلامي معرفي كرده است.

The issue of Imamate has a long history in the history of Islamic thought as well as various approaches to this issue. Imamate means the leadership and leadership of the ummah, which brings with it a kind of group obedience. but the question is, what is the scope and following of this dimension, which has caused differences between different Islamic religions, and which dimension of the dimensions of human life in this world and the hereafter. The religions of the Imams, Mu'tazilites and Ash'arites, despite the similarity in some characteristics of the Imam, have fundamental differences in the issue of Imamate. This has caused a constant conflict of opinion between the scholars and thinkers of these three religions in this regard. Analysis and critique of theological opinions and views of these Islamic theologians will explain the path of the Imam's right and position. This research, by describing and analyzing the text and in a library manner, seeks to analyze the philosophy of existence and characteristics of the Imam from the perspective of three prominent Islamic thinkers: Allameh Tabatabai Shiite, Judge Abdul Jabbar Mutazli and Judge Baqalani Ash'ari. Allameh expresses the truth of Imamate from the type of creational guardianship and esoteric and spiritual guidance and intellectual obligation of God, Judge Abdul Jabbar considers it as an executive and intellectual issue and a social necessity in order to preserve Islamic unity. Baqalani has also introduced it as a jurisprudential and religious branch in order to manage the affairs of the Islamic society.