ﻓﻨﺎوري زﻧﺠﯿﺮهي ﺑﻠﻮﮐﯽ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش اﻓﻖ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﮑﻪي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﻌﺎل

Blockchain: an Enabling Technology for Expanding the Horizon of Active Distribution Networks

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﺧﯿﺮ در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻧﺮژي اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺮژي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداران ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪي ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﮔﺬار از ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﺧﯿﺮ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﺗﺎب آوري و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري اﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺷﯿﺎء، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ و ﻓﻨﺎوري در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﯾﺎد ﺷﺪه را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد. ﻓﻨﺎوري زﻧﺠﯿﺮهي ﺑﻠﻮﮐﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺧﻮد، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮي اﻣﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺒﺎدﻟﻪ ي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﮐﺎﻣﻞ دارد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ زﻧﺠﯿﺮهي ﺑﻠﻮﮐﯽ و ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﻧﺤﻮه ي ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد آن ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازﯾﻢ. ﺳﭙﺲ دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ را ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻣﺮور و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آن را ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ. در اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﯿﺮه-ي ﺑﻠﻮﮐﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ﺣﺬف ﻧﻬﺎد ﻣﺮﮐﺰي در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد و ﺑﺎزارﻫﺎي اﻧﺮژي ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﯾﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ از ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي زﻧﺠﯿﺮهي ﺑﻠﻮﮐﯽ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

Recent changes in electricity distribution networks, such as extensive penetration of renewable energy resources (RERs), have brought about new challenges for operators. Transition from centralized energy management schemes toward decentralized ones is one of the major transformations that has been made to improve the performance, sustainability, and resilience of distribution networks and to adapt them for their ongoing changes. Internet has made its way to electricity distribution networks through the Internet of things (IoT). This information technology has emerged in the distribution networks to better accommodate the operational and management transformations. As a result, the intrinsically decentralized technology of blockchain has gained momentum as a secure platform for information exchange through IoT in distribution networks. This paper initially introduces the blockchain technology and elucidates its operation. Further, it analyzes the transition of the distribution networks to what is called active distribution networks and their functionality. Next, blockchain is represented as an effective technology for maintaining the information security and also eliminating trusted third parties in managing distribution networks. Finally, peer-to-peer energy markets are explained as an application of blockchain technology in distribution systems.