اﻧﺮژي ﺗﺮاﮐﻨﺸﯽ: راﻫﮑﺎري ﻧﻮﯾﻦ و ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﺮق

Transactive Energy: A Novel Solution to Electricity Demand-Side Management

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺮژي اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرت ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﻫﺎي ﮐﻼن، ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪي زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ و اﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ دوﺳﺘﺪاران ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. از اﯾﻦ رو ﻣﺘﻮﻟﯿﺎن ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺮق اﺣﺪاث واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺧﻄﻮط اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺟﺪﯾﺪ را راه ﺣﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي رو ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻧﻤﯽ ﺑﯿﻨﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮي ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ روي آورده اﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن، ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ را ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺮق ﻫﻤﺴﻮ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ. ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺮژي ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮ از ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ، ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرت را دﮔﺮﮔﻮن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻬﯽ اﺳﺖ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ دﺳﺘﺨﻮش ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﺗﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﻧﺮژي ﺗﺮاﮐﻨﺸﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺗﻮان در ﻓﻀﺎي ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﺮق ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺿﺮورت ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد و در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي آن، ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد را واﮐﺎوي ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. در اﻧﺘﻬﺎ اﻧﺮژي ﺗﺮاﮐﻨﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﮑﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺗﺮي از ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد و اﻫﺪاف، ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺎده ﺳﺎزي و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﺧﺼﻮص ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻫﺎي اﻧﺮژي ﺗﺮاﮐﻨﺸﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

Electricity demand has increased drastically during recent years. Expansion of power generation and transmission systems to address the growing demand for electricity is a lengthy process and requires extensive capital investment. Moreover, conventional methods of power generation can cause severe environmental issues. Discussed concerns have attracted considerable attention to demand-side management (DSM) policies by which system operators can monitor and control consumers in order to better match the electricity demand with power supply conditions. Meanwhile, power systems are going through a transition period due to the high penetration of renewable energy resources (RERs) and widespread use of smart devices. To remain efficient, DSM policies need to adapt to these transformations. Transactive energy (TE) is a newly-introduced DSM policy which is intended for the changing environment of power systems and is able to maintain the dynamic power balance in smart grids. This paper studies the reasons that led to the initiation of DSM programs. Further, the concept of demand response (DR) is elaborated and various types of DR programs and the existing challenges toward these programs are evaluated. Last but not least, TE is introduced as a general form of DR and the benefits and challenges that implementation of TE frameworks may bring about are analyzed.