ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوشﻫﺎي ﺑﺮق در ﺑﺎزار ﺑﺮق

A review of the participation of electricity retailers in the electricity market

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوشﻫﺎي ﺑﺮق در ﺑﺎزار ﺑﺮق ﻣﺮور ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻄﻮرﮐﻠﯽ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوشﻫﺎ در ﺑﺎزار ﺑﺮق را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰيﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪت، ﻣﯿﺎنﻣﺪت و ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﻣﺪت ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد. ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺮﯾﺪ اﻧﺮژي ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوشﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎزار ﺑﺮق، ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎي دوﻃﺮﻓﻪ، واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺮژيﻫﺎي ﻧﻮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺎدي و ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﺋﯿﮏ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻗﯽ، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ذﺧﯿﺮهﺳﺎز ﺑﺎﺗﺮي و ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ذﺧﯿﺮهﺳﺎز ﻫﯿﺪروژﻧﯽ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ذﺧﯿﺮهﺳﺎز اﻧﺮژي ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي در ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﻧﺮژي آﻧﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﻓﺮوش ﺑﺮق ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮفﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوشﻫﺎي ﺑﺮق ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼوهﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوشﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﺎر ﺑﻌﻨﻮان واﺣﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺠﺎزي ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺧﺮﯾﺪ اﻧﺮژي ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻮد ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوشﻫﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ، ﻋﺪم ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺶ روي ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوشﻫﺎ را ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻗﯿﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺎزار ﺑﺮق و ﺑﺎر ﻣﺼﺮفﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺧﻮد را ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ در ﻣﺮور ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎ، ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي رﯾﺴﮏ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻋﺪم ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎت ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮور ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوشﻫﺎ در ﺑﺎزار ﺑﺮق ﺧﻮاﻫﯿﻢ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ.

In this paper, scientific papers related to the participation of electricity retailers in the electricity market will be reviewed. In general, the planning of the participation of retailers in the electricity market can be divided into long-term, mid-term, and short-term planning. Various sources of energy purchasing for retailers include the electricity market, bilateral contracts, generating units and new energy sources, including wind turbines and photovoltaic systems. Also, electric vehicles, battery storage systems and hydrogen storage systems can be more flexible in energy management issues as energy storage systems. Also, the issue of determining the price of electricity sales to consumers is considered by electricity retailers. In addition, retailers' consumer participation in demand response programs as a virtual production unit has been explored to reduce consumer spending and increase retail profits. Also, in view of the fact that the relevant papers, the uncertainties of the retailers that typically model the prices of the electricity market and the consumption of their consumers, will be reviewed in a review of the sources. Finally, the risk modeling due to alternative uncertainties will be discussed. We will look into the details of the retailers' shareholding in the electricity market.