درك كاربرد رسانه‌‌هاي اجتماعي تلگرام و اينستاگرام توسط دانشجويان تحصيلات تكميلي دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي با مدل انتظار استفاده و رضامندي

Understanding Telegram and Instagram Usage by Graduate Students at the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences in Allameh Tabataba'i University Using the Uses and Gratification Expectancy Model

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسايي درك كاربرد رسانه‌‌هاي اجتماعي تلگرام و اينستاگرام توسط دانشجويان تحصيلات تكميلي دانشكده روانشناسي و علوم تربيتي دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي تهران با مدل انتظار استفاده و رضامندي است. روش‌‌: اين پژوهش از حيث هدف كاربردي و از حيث نحوه گردآوري داده‌‌ها پيمايشي است. جامعه آماري شامل 2200 نفر از دانشجويان تحصيلات تكميلي دانشكده روان‌‌شناسي و علوم تربيتي دانشگاه علامه طباطبايي تهران بوده و حجم نمونه براساس جدول مورگان تعداد 327 نفر معين گرديد. ابزار گردآوري اطلاعات پرسشنامه است. جهت تعيين نرمال بودن داده‌‌ها از آزمون كلموگروف- اسميرنف، آزمون تحليل عاملي تأييدي براي تأييد روايي سؤالات و براي مشخص‌‌كردن عوامل كليدي هر مؤلفه از فن مدل‌‌يابي معادلات ساختاري استفاده شد. نتايج: يافته‌‌ها نشان داد كه به اشتراك‌‌گذاري اطلاعات در اينستاگرام با ضريب مسير (209/0)، قوي‌‌تر از تلگرام است. همچنين رضايت‌‌مندي لذت ادراك شده از تلگرام با ضريب مسير (266/0)، قوي‌‌تر از اينستاگرام است. هيچ اختلاف معناداري بين اينستاگرام و تلگرام در ديگر متغيرها شامل تعامل اجتماعي، گذران وقت، خود گزارش‌‌دهي و جذابيت رسانه‌‌ها، مشاهده نشد. نتيجه‌‌گيري: نتايج نشان داد كه دانشجويان تحصيلات تكميلي از هر دو رسانه مورد مطالعه، براي اهداف مختلف از جمله تعامل اجتماعي، وقت گذراندن و خود گزارش‌‌دهي استفاده مي‌‌كنند و با وجود فيلتر بودن تلگرام، تفاوت معناداري بين كاربرد تلگرام و اينستاگرام مشاهده نشد و تقريباً هر دو رسانه به يك ميزان رضامندي كاربران را به دنبال داشتند.

The purpose of this study is to identify the perception of Telegram and Instagram use by graduate students of Allameh Tabataba'i University using the uses and gratification expectancy model. Methods: The research consisted of an analysis of data collected via surveys. The overall statistical population was the 2,200 postgraduate students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of Allameh Tabataba'i University. The sample size was 327 based on a Morgan table; data were collected using two researcher-designed questionnaires. In the first stage, to select the most applied mobile social media by students, they were asked to determine which of the social media based on mobile phones they use the most. The collection revealed that Telegram and Instagram were the most used among students. A second questionnaire was developed to collect data about these two mobile social media usage. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, a factor analysis test to confirm the validity of the questions and identify key factors of each component, and the structural equation modeling technique was used. Results: 41.90% of respondents were male and 53.52% of them were female. The age of most respondents (52.60%) is between 20 and 25 years old and the lowest (3.67%) is over 35 years old. The use of Telegram (46.15%) was greater than Instagram usage (30.77%). The highest average use of Telegram and Instagram was 1 to 3 hours a day. Analysis of variables showed that while the satisfaction with information sharing using Instagram was stronger than Telegram, with a path coefficient of 0.209, the satisfaction with the effect of perceived pleasure using Telegram was higher than Instagram, with a path coefficient of 0.266. There were no significant differences in the other variables: social interaction, spending time, self-reporting, and media attractiveness. They have also stated that using the telegram makes them feel more relaxed, gives them a sense of worth, and reinforces individual values in them. Conclusions: The results showed that graduate students used both media for different purposes such as social interaction, spending time, and self-reporting, and despite the filtering of Telegram, no significant difference was observed between the use of Telegram and Instagram, and almost both media was equally sought after by users. The respondents addressed that they can meet their information needs without the help of others on these social media, so they have been able to expose their interests and desires to others. They think that social media provides information to other people without censorship, therefore, they may cause a kind of transparency in society.