شناسايي و ظرفيت‌ سنجي كنشگران مديريت نوسازي و بازآفريني شهري در سطح ملي و محلي (كلانشهر تهران) و تحليل شبكه ارتباطي آنها

Identification and Capacity Assessment of Managerial Actors of Urban Regeneration and Renewal at National and Local Level (City of Tehran) and Analysis of Their Correlation Network

امروزه يكي از چالش‌هاي اساسي در مديريت بازآفريني‌شهري، عدم شناخت كافي از كنشگران اين حوزه در سطوح مختلف مديريتي و الگوي روابط آنها و نيز ناكافي‌بودن مطالعات در خصوص ظرفيت‌سنجي كنشگران اصلي است. بنابراين، هدف تحقيق شناسايي، ظرفيت‌سنجي و تحليل روابط كنشگران به منظور دستيابي به شرايط مناسب‌تر در فرايند مديريت بازآفريني در سطح ملي و كلانشهر تهران است. بدين ترتيب اين پژوهش از نوع كاربردي بوده و روش آن آميخته است. به منظور دستيابي به هدف تحقيق، علاوه بر بررسي مباني نظري موضوع، اسناد مختلفي همچون آئين‌نامه‌ها، تفاهم‌نامه‌ها و نيز صورتجلسات سازمان نوسازي شهر تهران مورد تحليل محتوا قرار گرفته و در نهايت به منظور افزايش پايايي و روايي تحقيق و تكميل داده‌ها از روش مصاحبه با كارشناسان و مديران تراز اول سازمان‌هاي دست اندركار استفاده شده است. يافته‌ها نشان مي‌دهند كه تعدد كنشگران اين حوزه بسيار زياد بوده ولي در عمل تفوق بر بخش‌هاي دولتي و عمومي (شهرداري‌ها) است و بخش‌هاي خصوصي و اجتماعات محلي نقش كمرنگي در ساختار مديريت بازآفريني شهري در تهران دارند. از نظر ارتباطي كانون‌هاي مشخصي قابل شناسايي بوده است و ارتباطات عمودي بين نهادها قابل ملاحظه نيستند. همچنين در اين تحقيق نشان داده شد كه اين كنشگران از ظرفيت‌هاي قابل توجهي برخوردار بوده كه پتانسيل مناسبي براي سياست‌گذاري و مديريت بازآفريني شهرها است.

Studies in the field of regeneration management in Iran show that despite the efforts and planning, so far, the process of urban renovation and regeneration in the national level and especially in Tehran has not been carried out with the participation of all actors and stakeholders. However, in recent years, with the formation of the Tehran Metropolitan Reconstruction Headquarter, a concerted effort has been made to achieve inter-organizational coordination, both within the municipality and with related institutions outside the municipality. In spite of these joint actions, there are still political and functional Fragmentation among these actors. Each of these actors has specific powers according to their organizational duties and has access to the necessary resources in this field. However, the inconsistency between their actions and sometimes the overlap of tasks between them and the lack of a clear institutional plan are among the causes that have led to a lack of organizational coordination, thus, the failure to achieve the desired goal. Therefore, the lack of integrated and coordinated management and its support mechanisms in the field of urban renovation and regeneration has caused the renovation process to have a significant distance from the goals of the country's macroplans. Although the formation of a National Urban Regeneration Headquarter can provide some coordination between different organizations at different national and urban levels, it cannot achieve its main goals without a coherent plan that considers the various tasks of the different institutions in coordination with each other. The purpose of this study is to identify the actors of regeneration and renovation management at the national and local level (Tehran metropolis) as well as the pattern of its current relationships and ultimately the capacity assessment of key actors in this field. Thus, this is an applied research using a mixed method. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, in addition to examining the theoretical foundations of the subject, various documents such as bylaws and memorandum and records of the Tehran Renovation Organization were analyzed. Finally, to increase the reliability and validity of the research and complete the data, the method of interviewing experts and top managers of the involved organizations has been used. Findings show that the number of actors in this field is very high, but in practice it is dominated by the governmental and public sectors (municipalities) while the private sector and local communities have a small role in the structure of regeneration management. In this case, the actors generally follow their specified organizational missions and systematically prefer the interests of the organization to the issue of regeneration. In terms of communication, certain centers are recognizable and vertical connections between institutions are not noticeable. The study also shows that these actors have significant capacities, which have a great potential for policy and management of urban regeneration.