كليدواژه :
فضامندي قانون , قانونمندي فضا , مديريت زمين ساحلي , كرانۀ جنوبي درياي كاسپين
چكيده فارسي :
زمين‌هاي ساحلي در كرانۀ جنوبي درياي كاسپين به دليل مزيت‌هاي فضايي متنوع، همواره در معرض فشارهاي ناشي از رقابت براي سكونت و فعاليت قرار دارند. اگرچه جريان قانون‌گذاري براي هدايت و كنترل استفاده و بهره‌برداري از اين زمين‌ها حدود 9 دهه قدمت دارد، با اين حال، به نظر مي‌رسد عملياتي شدن اين قوانين در هر دوره با چالش‌هاي متفاوتي مواجه بوده است. اين پژوهش مي‌كوشد تا از منظر جغرافياي قانوني و با استفاده از رويكرد روش‌شناسي آميخته و فن تحليل اسنادي و پيمايش، جريان قانون‌گذاري را به بسترهاي طبيعي و اجتماعي مربوطه پيوند دهد. يافته‌هاي پژوهش نشان داده‌اند كه اگرچه قانونمندي فضا و تعين‌بخشي به قلمروهاي ساحلي با تكيه بر تراز ارتفاعي آب دريا انجام شده است، اما در عمل اين قوانين به دليل بكارگيري رويكرد ايستا و مقطعي در مواجهه با پويايي‌هاي طبيعي ساحل، بي‌اعتبار شده‌اند. همچنين عينيت نيافتن زمين‌هاي ساحلي پيراشهري از سوي ساكنان بومي و نيز تعارض منافع سازماني و منافع عمومي، مانع از اجراي قوانين آزادسازي حريم دريا بوده است. روايت‌هاي اين پژوهش نشان دهندۀ اهميت فضامندي قوانين مديريت زمين‌هاي ساحلي به واسطه كنشگري عناصر مادي (آب) و غيرمادي (قدرت) هستند.
چكيده لاتين :
Coastal lands in the South of the Caspian Sea, due to their diverse spatial advantages, are always exposed to the pressures caused by competition for residence and activity. Although the legislative process to guide and control the use and utilization of these lands dates back to about nine decades ago, the implementation of these rules seems to have faced different challenges in
each period. This research aimed to link the legislative process to relevant natural and social contexts through the lens of legal
geography, using the qualitative methodology approach and document analysis technique. The research findings show that
although the legality of space and determination of coastal territories has been carried out through reliance on the sea-level
measure, in practice, these laws were nullified because of the use of a static and provisional approach in confronting the natural
dynamics of the coast. Also, the lack of recognition of suburban coastal lands by local residents, as well as the conflict of
organizational and public interests, have prevented the implementation of the laws for the communization of the sea’s territory.
The narratives of this research indicate the importance of the spatiality of coastal land management laws due to the interaction
of material (water) and immaterial (power) elements. Law is not just a written regulation on paper. Instead, it intertwines
with social life and natural processes. Despite the professional application of modern tools such as laws, bylaws, sea-level
surveys, calculating landmarks on coastal lines, preparing maps, bureaucratic inquiries, etc., in the coastal land management
system, this study showed that this modern rationality is insufficient to overcome the agency of natural elements. In order to be
concrete, the abstract laws and regulations have to deal with the power and interest conflicts on the one hand and the dynamics
of unpredictable coastal nature on the other hand. Legislation on coastal lands needs to be based on a dynamic, action-reaction
approach instead of a static and pathological one. Considering the risk line of -25m approved because of the long-term period
in the Integrated Coastal Zone Management program (2014) can play a significant role in including the agency of water and
can provide unity of procedure in decision-making processes. Also, the urban/peri-urban coast binary can be eliminated
within the framework of integrated coastal land management, regardless of the official borders. In this context, it is necessary
to empower the local communities to support their coastal interests and transfer authority to them to express conflict so that
social monitoring of peri-urban coastal lands can prevent their exclusive utilization of the public coast. On the other hand,
adjusting the organizational structure for integrated policymaking for the coast can play a significant role in achieving social
equity and environmental protection goals in coastal areas. It seems that transition from the mentioned binaries will be possible
through adopting a relational approach to planning for coastal areas.
