پديد آورندگان :
غفاري جباري، شهلا داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﻨﺮ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ، ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ، اﯾﺮان , كي نژاد، محمدعلي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺳﻬﻨﺪ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﺮان، ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ، اﯾﺮان , ملكي، آيدا داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﻨﺮ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﻌﻤﺎري و ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزي، ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ، اﯾﺮان
كليدواژه :
معماري اسلامي , مسكن مطلوب , تعامل با محيط زيست , انديشه هاي اسلامي
چكيده فارسي :
محيطزيست محل زندگي و تأمينكنندۀ اصليترين نيازهاي انسان است. اين در حالي است كه مشكلات محيطزيست امروزه به بحران جهاني تبديل شده است. سرآغاز مشكلات زيستمحيطي را شايد بتوان انقلاب صنعتي و نياز بيشتر به مسكن و گسترش شهرنشيني و بهتبع آن بهرهگيري بيرويّه از طبيعت دانست. با ورود مدرنيته به ايران و تقليد همهجانبه از غرب، ايران نيز به عرصۀ ساختوسازهاي بيرويّه و استفادۀ حداكثري از منابع طبيعي و به تبع آن تخريب محيطزيست تبديل شد. اين در حالي است كه در ايران پيشينهاي غني از انديشههاي اسلامي وجود دارد و توجه به اين انديشهها ميتواند راهگشاي اين مشكل باشد. مسئلۀ مسكن و تبيين نقش رابطۀ سهجانبۀ انسان، طبيعت و معماري از مهمترين جنبههاي زندگي انسان است و اين سؤال مطرح ميباشد كه دين اسلام چه معيارها و اصولي را براي دستيابي به مسكن مطلوب معرفي ميكند؟ بدين منظور در اين مقاله با مطالعۀ انديشههاي اسلام، نحوۀ دستيابي به مسكن مطلوب بررسي گرديد و با استفاده از نظريۀ «دادهبنياد متني» معيارهاي دستيابي به مسكن مطلوب اسلامي كه در تعامل با محيطزيست باشد، بررسي شد؛ و به منظور درك آنچه بايد اتفاق بيفتد تا به اصول مسكن مطلوب دست يابيم، مقايسهاي بين تفاوتهاي موجود بين معيارهاي مسكن مطلوب اسلامي و مسكن معاصر در ايران صورت گرفت. نتايج تحقيق نشان ميدهد چهار اصل «وحدتگرايي»، «تعادل»، «ارتباط با طبيعت» و «ايمان و تدين» اصول اساسي در دستيابي به تعامل با محيط هستند كه بايد در طراحي مسكن مد نظر قرار گيرند. همچنين در اين مسير، مدلي براي دستيابي به مسكن مطلوب اسلامي ارائه گرديد. اين مدل نشان ميدهد كه مسكن اسلامي ميتواند به بازگرداندن هويت به آثار معماري، كاهش آسيب به محيطزيست و احياي فرهنگ اسلامي در عين بهبود روابط اجتماعي و توسعۀ اقتصادي كشور در زمينههاي مختلف از جمله بهرهوري انرژي و حفظ منابع طبيعي كمك كند.
چكيده لاتين :
Whilst environment is man’s habitat and supplies his
most essential needs, the environmental issues have
become a global crisis. The issues may be traced back
to the industrial revolution and the ensuing need for
more residences and expansion of urbanism and consequently
the unleashed exploitation of nature. Apart
from the extensive changes it required, the revolution
was associated with the departure from religious
thoughts in favor of the spread of such modern philosophical
principles as individualism, rationalism,
changed status of the God and human, and the idea
that man must dominate the nature, thus man beginning
to neglect and turn his back on the environment.
With the arrival of modernity to Iran and the Iranians
imitation of the West, indiscriminate constructions
and maximum use of natural resources was begun
and it had dire consequences which were followed by
the destruction of the environment, notwithstanding
its prolonged and rich history of Islamic thoughts,
which would have been of profound help in preventing
the mentioned repercussions had they been invoked.
Through a close look at the Islamic teachings
one can easily find instructions that reveal the general
position of Islam on how the natural sources must be
used with the due regard to the ensuing environmental
issues. On the other hand, in the monistic view
resulting from the Islamic culture none of the phenomena
and subjects related to human life are independent
of each other. Therefore when Islam speaks
of the protection of the environment, it means paying
attention to it in all aspects of man’s life.
One of the most important aspects of human life
is considering the pivotal role of accommodation and
the interaction between human, nature and architecture.
In this paper the question is that what criteria
and principles for achieving the optimal housing are
introduced by Islam.
For this purpose, in this paper by studying Islamic
thoughts, the ways which help to achieve ideal accommodation
are discussed. Thus, with the Grounded
theory as the research method, the criteria of an Islamic
eco-friendly ideal house are explored. In the
end, parameters of the ideal and contemporary houses
are compared to pin point the requirements necessary
to achieve an optimal residence.
The results showed that unity, balance, interaction
with nature, and faith and religiosity are the basic
principles of interaction with the environment that
should be considered in the design of houses. Hence,
a model is developed to achieve the ideal Islamic
housing. This model shows that Islamic residence can
contribute to restoring identity to architecture, reducing
environment damages, reviving Islamic culture,
improving social relationships, and economic development
in various fields such as energy efficiency and
conversation of natural resources.