اﺳﺘﻘﻼل زﻧﺎن و دوام ازدواج ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻼق در ﻣﯿﺎن ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻗﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ در اﯾﺮان

Women's Autonomy and Duration of Marriage to Divorce among Selected Ethnic Groups in Iran

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ دﻧﯿﺎي ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ دوام ازدواج اﺳﺖ. در دﻫﻪﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ، ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻮاد و ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت زﻧﺎن و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﺑﺎزار ﮐﺎر، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده دﮔﺮﮔﻮن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دوام ازدواج ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻼق در ﻣﯿﺎن ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﻗﻮﻣﯽ ﻓﺎرس، ﺗُﺮك و ﮐُﺮد اﺳﺖ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﺲ-روﯾﺪادي اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل زﻧﺎن ﺑﺮ دوام ازدواج ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻼق را در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ اﮐﺜﺮﯾﺖ ﻗﻮﻣﯽ ﻓﺎرس، ﺗُﺮك و ﮐُﺮد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 78 ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن در ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎري ﺳﺎل 1395 اﺳﺖ. دادهﻫﺎ از ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﮐﺰ آﻣﺎر اﯾﺮان و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺛﺒﺖ اﺣﻮال اﻗﺘﺒﺎس ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ راﺑﻄﮥ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻮﻣﯿﺖ و دوام ازدواج ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻼق از ﻧﻈﺮ آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ اﮐﺜﺮﯾﺖ ﻗﻮﻣﯽ ﺗُﺮك، ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ واﺣﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ در اﺳﺘﻘﻼل زﻧﺎن، دوام ازدواج ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻼق 0/189 ﺳﺎل ﯾﺎ 69 روز ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ، در ﻣﯿﺎن ﻓﺎرسﻫﺎ و ﮐُﺮدﻫﺎ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات دوام ازدواج ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻼق ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ از اﺳﺘﻘﻼل زﻧﺎن اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ارزشﻫﺎ و ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ در ﻣﯿﺎن ﻗﻮﻣﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف درك ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ در ﭘﺲِ اﯾﻦ رواﺑﻂ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ

Reduction of marriage duration is one of the social problems of modern times. In recent decades, the traditional structure of the family has changed along with the increase of women’s literacy and education, as well as their participation in labor market,. This research aims to study duration of marriage to divorce (DMD) among Kurd, Turk and Fars ethnic groups. The research method is post-event. This study explore the effect of women's autonomy on the DMD in districts with a Persian, Turkish, and Kurdish ethnic majority. The study population includes 78 districts at the 2016 Census. Data adopted from the Statistical Center of Iran (SCI) and National Organization for Civil Registration (NOCR). Findings show that the relationship between ethnicity and the DMD is statistically significant. Multivariate analysis indicates that in districts with a Turkish ethnic majority, the DMD decreased by 0.189 years or 69 days per unit of increase in women's autonomy. In contrast, among Persians and Kurds, changes in the DMD is independent from women's autonomy. This may be resulted from different cultural values and norms among the studied ethnic groups. Doing qualitative researches in order to understand the meanings behind these relationships is necessary.