ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﻼﻣﺖﻣﺤﻮر دو ﮔﺮوه از ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ و اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ: ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﺮﭼﮏ

A Comparison of Health-Oriented Lifestyle of Two Groups of Iranian and Afghan Elderly (Case Study: Qarchak Elderly)

در دﻧﯿﺎي ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ، ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ و ﻣﺤﻮري در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ–ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﻼﻣﺖﻣﺤﻮر ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﺮﭼﮏ در ﺳﺎل 1398 ا ﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾ ﺸﯽ ﺑﻮده و دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﭘﺮ ﺳ ﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ از 383 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان60 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ و ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﺮﭼﮏ ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه ا ﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧ ﺸﺎن داد 16/7 در ﺻﺪ از ﺑﻮﻣﯿﺎن و 18/4 در ﺻﺪ از ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮان ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﻼﻣﺖﻣﺤﻮر ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻨﯽ دارﻧﺪ. اﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﯿﺎن )69/5 در ﺻﺪ( و ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮان )66/5 در ﺻﺪ( ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﺳـﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳـﻼﻣﺖﻣﺤﻮر در ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ دارﻧﺪ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دوﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه، ﺳـﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﺮد، ﺳـﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان داراي ﺗﺤ ﺼﯿﻼت ﺑﺎﻻ، ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺷﺎﻏﻞ، و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان داراي ﻫﻤ ﺴﺮ از ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﻼﻣﺖﻣﺤﻮر ﻣﻄﻠﻮبﺗﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﺤﻮه ﮔﺬران اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ، ﻣ ﺼﺮف دﺧﺎﻧﯿﺎت و ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ و اﻓﻐﺎﻧ ﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ آﻣﺎري ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﻧ ﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ و زﻣﯿﻨﻪاي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮ ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﻼﻣﺖﻣﺤﻮر ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻧﺪارد؛ اﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ، ﺟﻨﺲ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻓﺮزﻧﺪان ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان داراي اﺛﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﻼﻣﺖﻣﺤﻮر ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﻼﻣﺖﻣﺤﻮر ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان، ﻓﺎرغ از ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻄﻮف ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﺳﺖ.

In today's world, health has become an important issue in social and demographic studies. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the indigenous-immigrant differences in the health-oriented lifestyle pattern of the elderly in Qarchak city, 2020. The research method is survey and the data were collected from 383 elderly people aged 60 and older using a researcher-made questionnaire technique. The results showed that 16.7 % of the natives and 18.4 % of the immigrants have a low health-oriented lifestyle. Overall, the majority of Indigenous people (69.5%) and immigrants (66.5%) have a moderately healthy elderly lifestyle. According to the results of bivariate analysis, men have a higher health-oriented lifestyle compared to women. Elderly people with higher education and those with a spouse has a higher health-oriented life style. There is a statistically significant difference between leisure activities, smoking and nutrition among Iranian and Afghan seniors.The results of multivariate analysis showed that the citizenship does not have a significant effect on the health-oriented lifestyle of the elderly by controlling other demographic and contextual variables. But the years of education, gender and number of children of the elderly have a positive effect on health-oriented lifestyle, respectively.The health-oriented lifestyle of the elderly depend to the social, cultural and economic conditions regardless of nationality.