كليشه هاي جنسيتي و اطلاق جنسيت به يك اثر هنري: مطالعه موردي "نقاشي رئال و انتزاعي"

Gender Stereotypes an‎d The Relation Of Gender To A Work Of Art (Casestudy: Real and Abstract paintings)

شكل گيري كليشه­ هاي جنسيتي ماحصل برداشت از تفاوت زيستي بين جنس­ها است كه منجر به واگذاري نقش­ها به جنسي خاص مي شود و در پي آن ترجيحات و انتظارات از جنس­ها را به وجود مي­آورند كه به عنوان نوعي پيش زمينه تمامي مناسبات اجتماعي و فرهنگي را تحت تاثير قرار مي دهد و موجب عدم قضاوت صحيح آن ها مي­گردد. اين پديده در دنياي هنر نيز امكان­پذير است. در پژوهش حاضر بازتاب تقابل دو شيوه فكري منطقي و احساسي در دو سبك نقاشي انتزاعي و رئاليستي مورد بررسي قرار مي­گيرد تا با تكيه بر اين امر به اين مقوله دست يابد كه تا چه ميزان كليشه­ هاي جنسيتي در انتساب يك اثر هنري به زنان يا مردان تأثير­گذار است؟ روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع پيمايشي و ميداني و با اتكا به روش­هاي تجربي و به شيوه كمي است و به منظور سنجش فرضيه پژوهش از ابزار گمانه­ زني جنسيت خالق اثر هنري استفاده شده ­است. تحليل عاملي پرسشنامه مزبور نشان مي­دهد كه در انتساب سبك اثر هنري به جنسيتي خاص (آثار انتزاعي به مردان و آثار رئاليستي به زنان)، پيش ­زمينه­ هاي فكري و كليشه­ هاي جنسيتي مؤثر است و اطلاق جنسيت به پديدآورنده اثر هنري با هيچ يك از عوامل جمعيت­ شناختي همبستگي معناداري ندارد.

Gender Differences Arise From The Interaction Between Gender Physics an‎d The Economic an‎d Social Aspects Of Societies. This Approach Leads To The Emergence Of Characteristics Unique To Each Sex, Psychologically an‎d Physically, an‎d Ultimately The Acceptance Of These Characteristics By The Sexes Themselves, Societies an‎d Cultures, Stereotypes an‎d Gender Axioms. They Bring. Adopting These Stereotypes, Gender Patterns As A Background Affect All Relationships, Behaviors, an‎d Social an‎d Cultural Norms Of The Sexes. Behavioral Stereotypes That Always Exist In Evaluating The Performance Of Men an‎d Women In Society Are The Differences Between The Way Of Thinking Of These Two Sexes an‎d The Attribution Of Rational Behavior To Male Gender an‎d Emotional Behavior To Female Gender. In Art, The Difference Between These Two Ways Of Thinking Is Reflected In Abstract an‎d Realistic Works. Based On These Two Dimensions Of Mental Stereotypes In Society,It Seems That More Abstract an‎d Geometric Works Are Considered Masculine an‎d Realistic Works That Express A Kind Of Feeling Are Considered More Feminine. While Men an‎d Women Do Not Differ Much In Terms Of Orientation Towards Different Arts an‎d Also The Degree Of Success In Achieving Their Goals In Art. Based On This Assumption, In Addition To The Existence Of Various Styles an‎d Artistic Tendencies, The Main Core Of The Present Study Is The Study Of Works With Realistic Style an‎d Abstract Works To Help Achieve This Category Of Whether Gender Stereotypes In Attribution Is A Work Of Art Effective For A Man o‎r A Woman? The Present Research Method Is Of Survey an‎d Field Type an‎d Has Been Done By Relying On Experimental Methods an‎d Quantitative Method As Well As Studying an‎d Reviewing Scientific Documents. In Order To Measure The Research Hypothesis (Gender an‎d Social Maps Affect The Attribution Of Works Of Art To Men an‎d Women), The Scale Of Speculation Of The Gender Of The Creator Of The Work Was Used. Findings Show That In The Application Of A Work Of Art To A Particular Genre, It Is Influenced By The Audience, Stereotypes o‎r Gender Ideas, As Well As Gender Roles. For Example, The Adaptation Of The External Space To Men an‎d The Internal Space To Women Is Due Same Mental Stereotypes In Assigning Social Roles To Gender. In Other Words, Audience Of The Work, By Default, Imagines Women In The Home an‎d Indoor Environment, Which Depends On The Descriptive an‎d Obligatory Aspects Of Gender Roles That Are Accepted Among Some Cultures an‎d Societies That Women Are Involved In Housework an‎d Affairs. They Are Closely Related To Breeding. Another Common Attitude In Judging Gender Is Color. Participants Attributed Most Of The Works With Limited Color Spectrum To Men, As Opposed To Those With A Wide Range Of Colors an‎d Red, Pink, an‎d Orange. This Stereotypical Behavior Towards Men an‎d Women Can Be The Result Of Accepting Superficial Differences Between The Sexes; Basically, Men Recognize A Limited Range Of Colors, While Women Tend To Be Pink, Red, an‎d Orange, an‎d Have A High Degree Of Color Recognition.