پديد آورندگان :
محمدي فرد، فريبا دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني و مهندسي فضاي سبز، مشهد، ايران , مقدم، محمد دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني و مهندسي فضاي سبز، مشهد، ايران
كليدواژه :
پرولين , فعاليت آنتياكسيداني , فلز سنگين , فنول كل , كربوهيدرات محلول
چكيده فارسي :
فلزات سنگين باعث كاهش رشد گياهان ميشوند و بر پتانسيل عملكردي آنها تأثير ميگذارند. كادميوم (Cd) يكي از فلزات سنگين است كه باعث ايجاد تنش در گياهان ميشود. قارچهاي مايكوريزا ميتوانند گياهان را در برابر تنشهاي محيطي محافظت كنند. بهمنظور بررسي تأثير قارچهاي مايكوريزا بر زيستتوده خشك اندام هوايي و خصوصيات بيوشيميايي گشنيز تحت تنش كادميوم آزمايشي گلداني بهصورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح كاملاً تصادفي با دو فاكتور و در 3 تكرار در گلخانه تحقيقاتي گروه علوم باغباني و مهندسي فضاي سبز دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد در سال 1397 اجرا شد. فاكتور اول نيترات كادميوم در 4 سطح صفر، 20، 40، 80 ميليگرم در كيلوگرم خاك و فاكتور دوم قارچ مايكوريزا در 3 سطح بدون كاربرد قارچ، قارچهايGlomus mosseae وGlomus intraradices بود. نتايج نشان داد كه با افزايش غلظت كادميوم مقادير نشت الكتروليت،كربوهيدرات محلول، فعاليت آنتياكسيداني، فنول كل، فلاونوئيد كل و پرولين برگ گشنيز افزايش پيدا كردند؛ ولي مقدار زيستتوده خشك اندام هوايي،كلروفيل a، b، كل و كارتنوئيد كاهش يافتند. بهطوريكه با افزايش غلظت كادميوم مقدار وزن خشك اندام هوايي گشنيز 40 درصد نسبت به تيمار شاهد كاهش پيدا كرد. بر اساس نتايج اين پژوهش كاربرد قارچهاي مايكوريزا در شرايط تنش فلز سنگين كادميوم باعث كاهش اثر تنش شد. بهطوريكه بيشترين مقدار زيستتوده خشك اندام هوايي در گياهان ميكوريزي و عدم كاربرد كادميوم و كمترين مقدار در گياهان غيرميكوريزي رشد يافته در خاك آلوده به كادميوم در بالاترين غلظت آن مشاهده شد. بهطوركلي نتايج اين پژوهش نشان داد كاربرد قارچGlomus mossea تأثير بهتري بر صفات مورد بررسي داشت و كاربرد آن توصيه ميشود.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Nowadays, soil pollution to various heavy metals is one of the most important environmental issues in human societies, which has adverse effects on soil and soil flora and groundwater contamination. Among the heavy metals, cadmium with a half-life of about 20 years, its high mobility in the soil and absorption by the plant, has a significant toxicity that its presence in the food chain seriously threatens human health. A wide range of studies have shown that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi increases the resistance of many plants against heavy metals.
Materials and Methods
In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on biochemical properties of coriander under heavy metal stress, a pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouses at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 2 factors and 3 replications was conducted. The first factor was heavy metal in 4 levels of 0, 20, 40, 80 mg/kg nitrate cadmium soil and the second factor was mycorrhiza fungi in 3 levels without fungi and Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradicese application. The soil mixture included soil, leafy soil and sand in a ratio of 1: 1: 1. All traits were measured at flowering stage. The studied traits include aerial parts dry biomass, chlorophyll, b, a, electrolyte leakage, soluble carbohydrate, antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoids and proline. Data analysis using Minitab 17 software was done.
Results and Discussion
The results were showed that by increasing the concentration of cadmium, the amount of electrolyte leakage, soluble carbohydrate, antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoids and proline increased. However, with increasing cadmium concentration, the amount of dry biomass of aerial parts, chlorophyll, a, b and carotenoids decreased. So, with increasing cadmium concentration, the amount of aerial parts dry biomass of coriander decreased by 40% compared with the control. Based on this study, using of mycorrhizal fungi under cadmium pollution reduced the stress influence, so that the highest amount of aerial parts dry biomass was found in plants treated with mycorrhizal and without cadmium application. The lowest amount dry biomass of aerial parts was found in without mycorrhizal with highest nitrate cadmium concentration (80 mg/kg soil). The highest amount of proline, soluble carbohydrate, phenol, antioxidant activity, and total flavonoids was observed in plants which treated with the highest nitrate cadmium concentration (80 mg/kg soil) and Glomus intraradicese application.
Conclusion
So that inoculated plants with mycorrhizal fungi had drier biomass of aerial parts than plants without mycorrhiza. According to the results of this study, in the conditions of environmental stresses such as cadmium stress, the use of mycorrhizal fungi reduces its destructive effects, which can be used as a management solution in heavy metal contaminated areas. In general, the results of this study showed that application of Glomus mosseae fungus in cadmium stress has a better effect on the traits and its application is recommended in this condition.