ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺷﮑﺎل ﻟﻐﺰشﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺗﺒﺎن در ﻧﺴﺦ ﺧﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄ ﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎي دﯾﻮان ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﯽ

View to reasons of mistakes and faults of manuscript writers(with emphasis to khaqanis divan manuscripts)

ﮐﺎﺗﺒﺎن ﻧﺴﺦ در ادوار ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻞ و اﺳﺒﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت، ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎ و ﻟﻐﺰشﻫﺎﯾﯽ در ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺘﻮن داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ و دﺧﻞ و ﺗﺼ ّﺮ فﻫﺎﯾﯽ در ﻣﺘﻦ، روا داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻟﻐﺰشﻫﺎ و دﺧﻞ و ﺗﺼ ّﺮ فﻫﺎ در ﭘﺎرهاي ﻣﻮارد ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ داﻧﺶ ﮐﻢ ﮐﺎﺗﺒﺎن و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ادﺑﯽ و زﺑﺎﻧﯽ آﻧﺎن و در ﭘﺎرهاي ﻣﻮارد ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ ﺑﯽدﻗَ ﺘﯽ و ﺑﯽﺣﻮﺻﻠﮕﯽ و در ﻣﻮاردي ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از دﺧﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎ و ﺗﺼ ّﺮ فﻫﺎي ﻋﺎﻣﺪاﻧﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻫﻤﻮاره در ﻧﺴﺦ ﺧﻄﯽ، ﻟﻐﺰشﻫﺎ و ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻣﻮارد ﻓﻮقاﻟﺬﮐﺮ ﺑﻮده، دﯾﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. دﯾﻮان ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﯽ و ﻧﺴﺦ دﯾﻮان ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻨﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﻧﯿﺴﺖ؛ دﯾﺮآﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﯽ و دﺷﻮارﮔﻮﯾﯽ او ﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻋّﻠ ﺖ ﺷﺪه و ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎ و ﻟﻐﺰشﻫﺎ را در ﻧﺴﺦ دﯾﻮان او دو ﭼﻨﺪان ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺿﺒﻂﻫﺎي ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ و ﻟﻐﺰشﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺗﺒﺎن ﻧﺴﺦ ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﯽ، در ﭘﺎرهاي ﻣﻮار د ﻋﺪم آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ زﺑﺎن ﺷﻌﺮي ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﯽ و زﺑﺎن ﻋﺼﺮ او ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و اﯾﻦ ﻋﺪم آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ»ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ واژﮔﺎن آﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي واژﮔﺎن ﻧﺎآﺷﻨﺎ« و »ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻗﺪﯾﻤﯽ واژه ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ« ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﮐﻨﺎر اﯾﻦ اﺷﺎرات ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻮم زﻣﺎن ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻃﺐ، ﻧﺠﻮم و اﺷﺎرات ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ، اﻧﻌﮑﺎس ﺑﺎورﻫﺎي ﻋﺎﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ و ... ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮ دﺷﻮاري ﺷﻌﺮ او اﻓﺰوده و ﮐﺎر را ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﺗﺒﺎن دﯾﻮان او ﺳﺨﺖ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ و ﻟﻐﺰشﻫﺎﯾﯽ از اﯾﻦ رﻫﮕﺬر ﻧﯿﺰ در ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺖ دﯾﻮان او دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن از آن دارد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺗﺒﺎن ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﺘﺄ ّﺧ ﺮ؛»ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻬﺮان و ﭘﺎرﯾﺲ« ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎ و ﻟﻐﺰشﻫﺎ و دﺧﻞ و ﺗﺼ ّﺮ فﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﮥ ﻟﻨﺪن و ﻧﺴﺨﮥ ﺻﺎدق اﻧﺼﺎري داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ.

Writers of manuscripts in various era due to the diffrent resaons have had a mistakes in texts.This mistakes and conversion in some cases have resulted from the low literary and linguistic knowledge of writers and in other hand have resulted from the carelessness and Impatience of writers and in some cases have been intentional.Because of,often have seen mistakes like this in literary works especially poet divans and other texts.Khaqanis divan isnt excluding from this rule. His divan as well as Difficulty and hardness than other poetry divans and this subject have been the source many mistakes in his divan.Origin of some mistakes in the writing o khaqanis divan have been because of unfamilitry with khaqanis literary style as rhetorical and imagery originality.In other hand,Allusions to some scientific opinions and trusts of poet era as medical and astronomical hints and other historical,folklore and folk beliefes added to the complexity of khaqanis poem and correctly writing has become difficult and mistakes with a this seen in manuscripts.The result of the research makes clear that writers of late manuscripts,tehran and paris manuscripts have had a many mistakes in text with compare old manuscripts of this divan.