كليدواژه :
گرد شگري , رويكرد منظرين , منظر كوه , كوه البرز
چكيده فارسي :
كوه د ر گذشته براي بشر د اراي كاركرد ها و معاني بسيار بود ه و عنصر طبيعي مقد س به شمار محسوب مي رفته است. اين مسئله د ر ايران هم صاد ق بود ه و به د ليل جغرافياي خاصش و قرارگيري د ر مد ار راس السرطان، اگر كوه وجود ند اشت ايران فقط يك صحراي بزرگ مي بود . لذا كوه د ر ايران منبع آب و آباد اني و براي مرد م د اراي اهميت ويژه اي بود ه است. به علاوه كوه براي ايرانيان، د اراي كاركرد هاي بسيار د يگري بود ه كه سبب شد ه تا اين عنصر طبيعي براي ايرانيان د اراي معاني ذهني بسيار باشد . اما به مرور زمان و با ورود تكنولوژي برآمد ه از مد رنيته، نياز مرد م ايران به كوه كاهش يافته و سبب شد ه تا معاني آن د ر ذهن مرد م كمرنگ شود . چنانكه د ر زمان حاضر صرفا يك محيط زيست تلقي مي شود . از سويي گرد شگري يك حضور و تجربه د ر محيط است و شناخت محيط، تاثير بسياري د ر اد راك و تجربه حضور خواهد د اشت. هرچه شناخت از محيط بيشتر باشد ، اد راك كامل تر و تجربه بهتري پد يد خواهد آمد . لذا د رخصوص گرد شگري كوه با اين همه كاركرد و معنا براي ايرانيان، شناختي كل نگر نياز است. كوه براي ايرانيان يك عنصر فرهنگي بود ه و شناخت ابعاد فرهنگي آن د ر اد راك و تجربه گرد شگران بسيار موثر خواهد بود . به علاوه شناخت ابعاد فرهنگي كوه به احساس تعلق به آن محيط كمك خواهد كرد تا گرد شگران د ر حفظ طبيعت با د قت بيشتري عمل كنند . د ر د هه هاي اخير د يسيپلين جد يد ي با عنوان رويكرد منظرين د رمواجه با طبيعت پد يد آمد ه كه براساس آن، طبيعت يك منظره يا يك محيط زيست صرف نيست و د اراي ابعاد معنايي هم است. اين رويكرد همان رابطه ايرانيان با طبيعت است كه طبيعت را مقد س و مورد احترام و د اراي معاني متعد د مي پند اشتند . لذا با چارچوب مفهومي رويكرد منظرين و با روش پژوهش توصيفي- تحليلي، يافته هاي پژوهش را با تاكيد بر مطالعات كوه هاي البرز مورد بررسي قرار د اد ه ايم.
چكيده لاتين :
In past times, mountains had numerous functions and meanings for humans and used to be considered as a holy natural element. This issue was also true in Iran. Because of the particular geography of Iran and locating in the Tropic of cancer, if mountains did not exist in Iran, the country was just a big plain. Hence, mountains in Iran have been a resource for water and life for the people and have always been important elements. Besides, the mountain has had many other functions for Iranian people and has made numerous subjective meanings for this natural element. However, over time and with the advent of technology caused by modernity, the need of Iranian people for mountains was decreased and caused a decline of its meanings in public opinions. Now, it can be just considered as a natural environment. On the other hand, tourism is the presence and experience in the environment, and knowing the environment can leave a significant effect on the perception and experience of presence. The more the information about the environment are, the better and more perfect experience can be obtained. Hence, regarding mountain tourism with such important functions and meanings for Iranian people, a comprehensive understanding is required. Mountain is a cultural element for Iranian people and recognition of cultural dimensions of the mountains can be very effective in the perception and experience of tourists. Moreover, knowing the cultural dimensions of the mountain can help the sense of belonging of place, so that tourists can act carefully to protect the natural environment. Over the decades, a new discipline has been created to counter the environment called Landscape Approach, based on which natural environment is something beyond just a view or environment and it has also semantic aspects. The approach is the same relationship of Iranians with nature, due to which they respect nature and consider various meanings for that. Hence, with the conceptual framework of the landscape approach and with using the descriptive-analytical method, the research results have been analyzed with emphasis on Alborz Mountain studies.
