طراحي زنجيره تامين چند دوره اي سرد مبتني بر بارانداز متقاطع چند گانه در حمل و نقل منطقه اي و نقش آن در توسعه و آمايش سرزمين

Cold Multi-Cycle Supply Chain Design Based on Multiple Cross-Ports in Regional Transportation and Its Role in Development and Land Use Planning

ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﭼﻨﺪ دوره اي ﺳﺮد ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎراﻧﺪاز ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اول اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ و ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺪل ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﯿﻢ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ دوم ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دوره زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻓﺮم ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺳﻨﺎد و ﻣﺪارك داده ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎم ﻣﻮردﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺪل ﻃﺮح، ﭘﺮدازش ﻫﺎي ﻻزم روي آن ﻫﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دو ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ ژﻧﺘﯿﮏ و ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ازدﺣﺎم ذرات ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ داراي ﺳﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﺪف ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﻣﺘﻀﺎد از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﺪف اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ ﮐﺮدن ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ و اﻧﺒﺎرداري در ﮐﻞ زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﺪف دوم ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف آن ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ ﮐﺮدن زﻣﺎن ﮐﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت داﺧﻞ زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﺮدد ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در آﺧﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﺪف ﺳﻮم ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف آن ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﮐﺮدن زﻣﺎن ﻃﺮاوت ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﯾﯽ در ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ و ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ از زﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت، در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار دارد. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه، ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ روش ﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ L 1 ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ و ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﺪف زﻣﺎن اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﻨﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪي، از روش ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﻓﺮااﺑﺘﮑﺎري )ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻗﻮي( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ زﻣﺎن ﺳﻔﺮ وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﯿﻪ ﺑﺮون ﺷﻬﺮي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي از ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي )روش وزﻧﯽ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي آزﻣﺎﻧﯽ( را ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎدﮐﻮﭼﮏ اراﺋﻪ ﮐﺮدﯾﻢ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ زﻣﺎن و ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﮔﺮدد، اﻟﺰاﻣﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮔﺮدد، در واﻗﻊ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان در زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﺎﻣﯿﻮن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ اي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ارزش ﻫﺪف ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ در ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎي داراي زﻣﺎن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ، ﺑﺪﺗﺮ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪﮐﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت را ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺴﯿﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ دﻫﺪ.

The purpose of the present study is to design a multi-cycle cold supply chain based on multiple cross-ports in regional transportation and its role in land development and planning. In the first step, we first identified the factors and variables of the model. In the second stage, by selecting the study period by designing data collection forms and using the methods of document review, the raw data required to measure the final indicators were collected and in the form of a design model, the necessary processing was performed on them. Then, according to the research topic and using two techniques of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization are analyzed. In this research, the problem had three different and opposite objective functions. The primary objective function is to minimize the cost of transportation and warehousing throughout the supply chain. The second objective function, which aims to minimize the total time of operations within the supply chain and the number of vehicles, and finally the third objective function, which aims to maximize the product freshness time. It has been shown that simply saving on the cost function, regardless of the delivery time of the products, is in good condition. Then, using simulated examples, it is shown that the L 1 metric method can make a good agreement between cost and time objective function. In the next step,