تبيين سرفصل‌ها و معيارهاي محيطي جهت ارزيابيِ پايداريِ ساختمان‌هاي مسكوني جديد الاحداث در راستاي طرح‌هاي شهري و آمايش شهر

Explaining Environmental Headline and Criteria to Assess the Sustainability of New Residential Buildings in line with urban plans and city planning

ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ را ﭘﯿﺶروي ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖوﺳﺎز ﻗﺮاردادهاﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻣﺮوزه ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﺎ آن روﺑﺮو ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. اﯾﺮان در اﺑﺘﺪاي اﯾﻦ راه ﻗﺮارداﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺻﻮرتﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺤﺪود ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻟﺬا اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﺳﺎز ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ در اﯾﺮان، ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ روش، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ اﺑﺘﺪا از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ-ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان و ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ، ﺟﻤﻊ-آوري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎ و ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽِ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاجﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ روش ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ)AHP( وزندﻫﯽ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﮔﺬاري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﻨﺎدي؛ ﺗﻌﺪاد 116 ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﮕﺮي اوﻟﯿﻪ، 5 ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ )3ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ و 2 ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ اﻗﺘﺒﺎﺳﯽ( ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻨﺠﺶ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪي آن اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دو ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ LEED و BREEAM ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﺎﻣﻞﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﺑﻪروزﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ در ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﻮق و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن، ﺗﻌﺪاد 6 ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و 51 ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽِ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از: اﻧﺮژي، ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ، آب، ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ و ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار. در وزن-دﻫﯽ ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﻪروش ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ زوﺟﯽ، ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎي اﻧﺪﮐﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ اوزان 6 ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦﺷﺪه، ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﻧﻤﺮه ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ اﻧﺮژي و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎيﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﮔﻮاه ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻓﺮاوان در ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻧﺮژي و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻟﺬا ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﻧﺮژيﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮ و ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن آﻟﻮدﮔﯽﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات co2 و دﯾﮕﺮ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽِ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار در اﯾﺮان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

Evaluating sustainable buildings makes different challenges for construction industry which all the countries in the world face with. Iran is in the beginning of this path and the researches and actions done in this field are limited. Accordingly, this study focuses on determining the environmental criteria in order to assess the level of sustainability in newly built residential constructions in Iran. In this study, the research method from the perspective of study's aim is practical and from the method's own view, is descriptive – analytical. Collecting data, initially, is done through studying documents along with analytical – comparative assessment and then via Fuzzy Delphi technique and questionnaire survey. Finally, the headlines and achieved environmental criteria are ranked based on AHP technique. In the part of documentary study, after reviewing 116 systems of sustainability, the 5 top systems as the best systems, are analyzed and compared with each other. As a result, 2 systems as LEED and BREEAM are selected to be modified as the most comprehensive and updated systems in the field of environmental subjects. For the next step, according to mentioned studies and analyzing the qualitative content of the interviews done along with Delphi techniques, 6 environmental headlines and 51 criteria of environmental assessment are modified as: energy, environmental pollutions, materials and resources, water, waste, sustainable site.