بررسي عوامل نهادي و برنامه ريزي منطقه اي در طرح هاي اشتغال زاي پايدار بر ايجاد اشتغال و جهش توليد

Investigating Institutional Factors and Regional Planning in Sustainable Employment Plans Job creation and production leap

ﺑﺤﺮان اﺷﺘﻐﺎل و ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮدن آﻣﺎر ﺑﯿﮑﺎري و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ آن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﻤﺪاران و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬاران ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻫﻤﯿﺖ وﯾﮋه اﯾﯽ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺻﺮف ﻧﻈﺮ از ﺗﺒﻌﺎت و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات ﻣﺨﺮب ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺑﯿﮑﺎري ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﺮد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬاري در ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و اﯾﺠﺎد ﺟﻬﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻟﺤﺎظ روش، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﺷـﯿﻮه ﮔـﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت و داده ﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺣﻀﻮري و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. آزﻣﻮن رواﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه، رواﯾﯽ ﺻﻮري و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺼﻮل ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، از روش آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان آﻟﻔﺎي 87 درﺻﺪ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﯽ را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ از ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ 324 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮط ورود در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ از وام ﻫﺎي اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زا در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1376 – 1396 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻧﯿﺰ از آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، دﺧﺎﻟﺖ دوﻟﺖ، ﻓﺴﺎد و ﺣﻘﻮق ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯿﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دارﯾﺪر اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﯾﯽ و ﺟﻬﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ دارﻧﺪ.

The employment crisis and the high unemployment rate and its social, economic and political consequences have made politicians and policymakers always pay special attention to this issue, so that regardless of the consequences and destructive effects of widespread unemployment in economic and social issues, The political aspects of this phenomenon also pointed out that the present study is a study of social and economic factors, barriers to investment in sustainable employment projects and creating a leap in production. In terms of practical purpose and in terms of method, it is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information and data is through a researcher-made questionnaire with face-to-face and field interview technique. The validity test used in this study is face and content validity. To obtain the reliability of the research questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha method was used, which showed an acceptable value with 87% alpha. The number of selected samples from the statistical population of the study was 324 people with the condition of entering the sample who used employment loans between 1997 and 2017 and were selected by simple random sampling. Various statistical tests were used to analyze the data. The results of path analysis and factor analysis showed that the variables of social capital, government intervention, and corruption and property rights have a significant impact on job creation and production jumps.