ارزيابي و تحليل مولفه‌هاي كيفيت زندگي در مناطق شهري (مطالعه موردي: شهر زاهدان)

Evaluation and analysis of quality of life Dimension in urban Region (Case study: Zahedan city)

ﺷﻬﺮ زاﻫﺪان ﺑﺪﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺷﻬﺮي، ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪاي و ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت و ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ را ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷـﺪه و ﭘﯿﺸـﯽ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ رﺷـﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘـﯽ ﮐﺎﻟﺒـﺪي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ زﯾﺮﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ در ﭼﻨﺪ دﻫﻪ اﺧﯿﺮ، ﻧﺎﻣﻌﺎدﻻﺗﯽ را رﻗﻢ زده ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﺗﺒﻌﺎت آن را ﻣﯽﺗـﻮان در ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻣﺤﻼت ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪﻧﺸﯿﻦ، ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻮازن اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت، ﺑـﺮوز ﻣﻌﻀـﻼت زﯾﺴـﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄـﯽ و ﻧﺎرﺿﺎﯾﺘﯽ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان و ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮه، ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﮐﺮد. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮي زاﻫﺪان ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻧﻮع ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻧﻈﺮ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ روش ﻫﺎي اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ي آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 592968 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺷﻬﺮ زاﻫﺪان ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺗﻌﺪاد 400 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. اﺑﺰار اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ30 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ )ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از 7/.( ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. داده ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ و ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ )اﺑﻌﺎد اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي و زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ(، از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﺗﯽ ﺗﮏﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮏﻃﺮﻓﻪ )Anova( و آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي Post hoc و ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از روش ﺗﻮﮐﯽ )Tukey( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﯽ ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 2/64، ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 2/61، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 2/24 و زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 2/42 اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 2/48 ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﻨﺞﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ زاﻫﺪان در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار دارد. در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ، ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﯾﮏ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮبﺗﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺖ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭼﻬﺎر داراي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ از ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﻨﺞﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻮد. در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن Tukey ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ 3 و 4 در ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه، ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 5 در ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ 1 و 2 در ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ.

The city of Zahedan, due to its first urban location, national and regional location, and economic and political performance, has caused migration and population concentration. It can be seen in the expansion of suburban areas, the unbalanced distribution of facilities, the emergence of environmental problems and citizens' dissatisfaction, and finally, the reduction of quality of life. The purpose of this article is to evaluate and analyze the components of quality of life in urban areas of Zahedan. The nature of the research is applied and in terms of descriptive-analytical method, the data are collected by documentary and survey methods. The statistical population included 592968 citizens of Zahedan who were randomly analyzed using Cochran's formula of 400 people. The research tool is a questionnaire whose reliability has been obtained by completing the ‌30 questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (above 0.7). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software and to compare and measure economic, social, physical and environmental variables, one-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (Anova) and post hoc and interest tests. ‌ Taking the Tukey method was used. The mean of quality of life variable in general was 2.48. Based on the results, it was found that the quality of life in the five districts of Zahedan is in an unfavorable situation. In this regard, region one was in a better situation than other regions and region four had the lowest level of quality of life in the five regions studied.