كليدواژه :
ARC GIS , ﺷﻬﺮ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ - اﺳﻼﻣﯽ , ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي , ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ
چكيده فارسي :
ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﻬﻦ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي و ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اداري، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﻪ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪار را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ داده اﻧﺪ. از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﺷﻬﺮي، رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ، ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ، اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي و ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎزار و ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﺎﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد. ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﺎدي از ﺷﻬﺮي اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ- اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ازاﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻨﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. از ﻫﻤﯿﻦ رو ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﻬﺮ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﺤﻮري، اﻣﻨﯿﺖ، اﺻﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ، ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﺣﺪ و ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮي و داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﻃﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮددر زﻣﯿﻨﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯿﻬﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ- اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮج در ﮐﺘﺐ و ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﯿﺮﺟﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار ARC GIS ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮري، ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖﮔﺮاﯾﯽ، ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﻧﺴﺎنﻣﺤﻮري ﻫﻢراﺳﺘﺎ و ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ اﻟﮕﻮي اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ- اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﺻﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ و ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺣﺪاث ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و از ﺑﯿﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﻮﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات در ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻓﺖ دﭼﺎر ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺷﺪه و از اﻟﮕﻮي ﺷﻬﺮ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ- اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
The ancient Iranian-Islamic cities have formed an integrated and stable system by establishing a physical and spatial connection between the economic, social, administrative, cultural and environmental components. Among these features, division of spaces, group and social structure of neighborhoods, physical and spatial cohesion of the bazaar and the Grand Mosque with each other. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between the elements of the Iranian-Islamic city such as human-centeredness, security, the principle of hierarchy, naturalism and boundary with the physical structure of historical contexts to study this relationship in the historical context of Birjand. The type of the present study is analytical-interpretive and the data used is the information on the characteristics of the Iranian-Islamic city extracted in historical books and writings and the current map of the historical context of Birjand, which is drawn in GIS ARC software and the results of this comparison. Has been analyzed. The results showed that based on the relationship between the historical and cultural characteristics of the texture with the neighborhood-centered element, the relationship between the geographical elements of the texture and the element of naturalism, the religious function of the texture with the human-centered element was in line with the Iranian-Islamic model. However, based on the principle of local hierarchy and continuity, due to the construction of new streets and the loss of communication between alleys, as well as changes in the type of building, the texture has changed and has moved away from the Iranian-Islamic city model.
