سنجش احساس امنيت شهري در زمان بحران با رويكرد پدافند غيرعامل (مطالعه موردي: شهر زاهدان)

Measuring the Feeling of Urban Security in Times of Crisis with a Passive Defense Approach (Case Study: Zahedan City)

اﻣﺮوزه رﻋﺎﯾﺖ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﭘﺪاﻓﻨﺪ ﻏﯿﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ از اﺻﻮل ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎر ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺴﺎت و زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ و ﺣﻔﻆ ﺟﺎن و ﻣﺎل ﻣﺮدم ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان و ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻن ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﭘﺪاﻓﻨﺪ ﻏﯿﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻻزم را ﺑﺮاي ﭘﯿﺸﺒﺮد اﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻧﻮﯾﻦ در ﺟﻬﺖ ارﺗﻘﺎي ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﯾﻤﻨﯽ و اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺷﻬﺮي ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روﯾﮑﺮد ﭘﺪاﻓﻨﺪ ﻏﯿﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺷﻬﺮي را از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان و ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﻨﺠﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ زاﻫﺪان در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻫﺪف، ﯾﮏ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪاي، ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ، از روش ﮐﻤﯽ و ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ روش از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ و ﻧﺤﻮه اﺟﺮاء ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي SPSS و ARC GIS و ﻣﺪل VIKOR اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن )T( ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ اﺑﻌﺎد اﻣﻨﯿﺖ )اﺣﺴﺎس اﻣﻨﯿﺖ در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺤﺮان، ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪي ﻧﻬﺎدي( از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺤﺮان ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﭘﺪاﻓﻨﺪ ﻏﯿﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ، ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ از ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ )3( ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺒﻮدن اﺑﻌﺎد اﻣﻨﯿﺖ در ﻣﯿﺎن ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﻨﺠﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ زاﻫﺪان از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﻠﯽ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺤﺮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل VIKOR ﻧﺸﺎن داد، در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮ زاﻫﺪان از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداري از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺗﻔﺎوت و ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮي وﺟﻮد دارد، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 1 ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز )0/548( در ارﺗﺒﻪ اول و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 3 ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز )0/439(، در رﺗﺒﻪ اﺧﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد.

the attention of managers and officials of any society to passive defense plans provides the necessary grounds for advancing this new approach in order to promote the concept of urban safety and security. In this regard, in the present study, using the passive defense approach, an attempt was made to evaluate urban security from the perspective of citizens and experts in the five regions of Zahedan in times of crisis. The present research is a developmental research based on its purpose, in terms of nature, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, and according to the method of survey type and descriptive-analytical implementation. SPSS and ARC GIS software and VIKOR model were used to analyze the data. The results of test (T) to measure the dimensions of security (Feeling safe in times of crisis, Cognitive Abilities and institutional capacity) from the perspective of citizens in times of crisis with a passive defense approach, showed that according to the averages obtained for the studied dimensions below The average is (3), which indicates the unsatisfactory level of security among citizens in times of crisis. The leveling results of the five regions of Zahedan in terms of general security assessment indicators in times of crisis using the VIKOR model showed that there are differences and inequalities between the regions of Zahedan in terms of security indicators. In general, Region 1 with a score (0.548) is in the first rank and Region 3 with a score (0.439) is in the last rank.