بررسي تأثير احساس محروميت نسبي بر قوم‌گرايي سياسي قوم تالش

Investigating the Effect of the Feeling of Relative Deprivation on the Political Ethnicity of the Talesh Ethnic Group

ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﻮمﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻗﻮم ﺗﺎﻟﺶ و ﻫﺪف آن، ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ي ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﺤﺮوﻣﯿﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻮمﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻗﻮم اﺳﺖ. ﻗﻮمﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﻮمﮔﺮاﯾﯽ اﺳـــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳـــﺎس آن، ﯾﮏ ﻗﻮم ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰات ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ اﻗﻮام دﯾﮕﺮ، ﺧﻮاﻫﺎن ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ در ﻗﺪرت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﻮﻣﯽ ا ﺳﺖ. ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪي راﺑﺮت ﮔﺮ ا ﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺣ ﺴﺎس ﻣﺤﺮوﻣﯿﺖ ﻧ ﺴﺒﯽ را ﻋﻠﺖ ﺧﺸــﻮﻧﺖ ﺳــﯿﺎﺳــﯽ ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺧﺸــﻮﻧﺖ ﻗﻮﻣﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺧﺎص ﻗﻮمﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺎ ﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ و ﻣ ﺼﺎدﯾﻖ ﺧ ﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﺳﯿﺎ ﺳﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ا ﺳﺖ. روش ﻣﻮرد اﺳـــﺘﻔﺎده در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ و اﺑﺰار ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، ﭘﺮﺳـــﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ا ﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪي آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﮐﻠﯿﻪ اﻓﺮاد 15 ﺳﺎل و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﻟﺶﻧ ﺸﯿﻦ ﮔﯿﻼن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺗﻌﺪاد 480 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه ا ﺳﺖ. اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﺑﺰار ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺻﻮري و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﮔﻮﯾﺎن ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻗﻮمﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻ و از اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﺤﺮوﻣﯿﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ در ﻫﻤﻪي اﺑﻌﺎد در ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮ ﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮر ﺳﯽ آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮ ﺿﯿﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧ ﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﺣﺴــﺎس ﻣﺤﺮوﻣﯿﺖ ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ ﺳــﯿﺎﺳــﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼــﺎدي-اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻮمﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺎ ﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ دارد، ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ اﺣ ﺴﺎس ﻣﺤﺮوﻣﯿﺖ ﻧ ﺴﺒﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﻗﻮم ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳـــﯿﺎﺳـــﯽ دارد. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻮمﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳـــﯿﺎﺳـــﯽ و ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ در ﻣﯿﺎن ﻗﻮم ﺗﺎﻟﺶ اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The main concern of this study is evaluating the extent of political ethnicity of Talesh ethnic group and it aims at explaining the relationship between the feeling of relative deprivation and the political ethnicity of this ethnic group. Political ethnicity is one of the types of ethnicism according to which an ethnic group in addition to striving to maintain its differences with other ethnic groups seeks to participate in political power on the basis of the ethnic components. Theoretical framework of the study is Robertger's theory which considers the feeling of relative deprivation as the cause of the political violence. In this article, ethnic violence, particularly political ethnocentrism, is considered as one of the manifestations and examples of the political violence. The method adopted in this study is survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population was all the over fifteen-year-old citizens (inclusively) of Talesh residing cities in Guilan province and through Cochran's formula, 480 people were determined as the sample size. The validity of the research tool was confirmed by means of the face validity method and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha. The results of the research, in the descriptive part, show that the respondents have a high level of political ethnocentrism and a moderate sense of relative deprivation in all dimensions. Examination of the hypotheses also shows that all the three variables of relative political, cultural, and socio-economic deprivation are somehow related to the political ethnicity, but the feeling of relative cultural deprivation has the greatest impact on the political ethnicity. Finally, some suggestions for reducing the political ethnicity and the strengthening the national solidarity among the people of Talesh have been proposed.