كليدواژه :
ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ , ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ , ﮐﻮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ , ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ , ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ
چكيده فارسي :
حبوبات، به‌عنوان يكي از مهمترين منابع گياهي غني از پروتئين و بعد از غلات دومين منبع غذايي انسان به‌شمار مي-رود. در بين حبوبات، لوبيا(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) از نظر ارزش اقتصادي و سطح زير كشت مقام اول جهان را دارا مي‌باشد. نيتروژن يكي از مهمترين عناصرغذايي مورد نياز گياه بوده و نقش مهمي در افزايش عملكرد دارد اما مسائل زيست محيطي به‌ويژه افزايش غلظت نيترات در آب‌هاي زيرزميني كم‌عمق در شمال ايران موجب شده تا كاربرد كودهاي زيستي مورد توجه قرار بگيرد.هدف از اجراي اين آزمايش بررسي تاثير استفاده از ازتوباكتر در كاهش مصرف نيتروژن در توليد لوبيا در شمال ايران بود.ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳـﻪ ﺗﮑـﺮار، در ﻣﺰرﻋـﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﻨﮕﺮود اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن در ﺳﺎل 1396 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو رﻗﻢ ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ رﻗﻢ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ)V1( و رﻗﻢ اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه درود 4803 )V2( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن و ﺑـﺎﮐﺘﺮي در 6 ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )F1(،50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر )F2(،100 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻫﮑﺘـﺎر )F3(،ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد ازﺗﻮﺑـﺎﮐﺘﺮ )F4(،ازﺗﻮﺑـﺎﮐﺘﺮ+ 25 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر )F5( و ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ+ 50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر )F6( ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، وزن ﺻﺪ داﻧﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻏﻼف در ﺷـﺎﺧﻪ ﻓﺮﻋـﯽ، ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷـﺖ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ و 50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري در ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 100 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و رﻗﻢ اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه درود ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 2585 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ و 50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر در ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه آﻣـﺎري ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ . ﺑـﯿﺶ ﺗـﺮ ﯾﻦ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ برداشت در تيمار ازتوباكتر و 50 كيلوگرم نيتروژن در هكتار 29/22 درصد كه با تيمار 100 كيلوگرم نيتروژن در هكتار28/15 درصد در يك گروه قرار گرفت
ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف 50 درﺻﺪ ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﮐﻢ ﺗـﺮ و اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻠﻘـﯿﺢ ﺑـﺎ ﺑـﺎﮐﺘﺮي ازﺗﻮﺑـﺎﮐﺘﺮ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ و 50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪﻋﻨـﻮان ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻮدي ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Legumes are considered as one of the most important plant sources that rich in protein and after cereals are the second source of human food. Among legumes, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) due to economic value and area under cultivation are first in rank of the world. Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients needed by plants and plays an important role in increasing yield, but environmental issues, especially increasing the concentration of nitrate in shallow groundwater in northern Iran have led to the use of biofertilizers. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of using Azotobacter in reducing chemical nitrogen consumption in bean production in northern Iran.
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of using Azotobacter and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of bean cultivars as a split plot in a randomize complete block design with three replications was performed in an experimental farm located in Langaroud city in 2017. The main factor includes two bean cultivars including: = V1 native and = V2 modified Doroud 4803 and sub-factor 6 levels of nitrogen fertilizer and bacteria: = F1 control, F2 = 50 kg N / ha, F3 = 100 kg N / ha, F4 = Application Azotobacter, F5 = Azotobacter + 25 kg N / ha and F6 = Azotobacter + 50 kg N / ha.
Results: The results showed that the effect of cultivar on number of pods in main branch, number of pods in sub-branch, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, plant height and number of leaves per plant were significant. Different levels of fertilizer on the number of pods in the main branch, number of pods in the sub-branch, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, plant height and number of leaves per plant were significant. The interaction between cultivar and fertilizer on pod number per branch, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield and harvest index was significant. Treatment F3 (100 kg N / ha) and F6 treatment (50 kg N / ha + Azotobacter) in the studied traits showed superiority over other treatments. Seed yield with application of 100 kg / ha nitrogen (F3) and 50 kg N / ha + Azotobacter (F6) were 2585 and 2455 kg / ha in Doroud cultivar, respectively, which increased seed yield by 68% and 66% compared to the control treatment (F1).
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the highest seed yield was obtained in the improved Doroud cultivar with an average of 2585kg / ha in treatment of 100 kg N / ha and was in one statistical group with application of 50 kg N / ha + Azotobacter. In fact, it is possible to reduce environmental pollution by consuming 50% less nitrogen fertilizer and using inoculation with Azotobacter. Therefore, inoculation treatment with Azotobacter and 50 kg N / ha is the most suitable fertilizer treatment for beans in the experimental area.
