پديد آورندگان :
ملكزاد، احمد دانشگاه تهران - پرديس كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه مهندسي علوم باغباني و فضاي سبز، تهران، ايران , تبريزي، ليلا دانشگاه تهران - پرديس كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه مهندسي علوم باغباني و فضاي سبز، تهران، ايران , دلشاد، مجتبي دانشگاه تهران - پرديس كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه مهندسي علوم باغباني و فضاي سبز، تهران، ايران , عزيزي، الهام دانشگاه پيام نور -گروه زراعت، ايران
كليدواژه :
ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ , ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﺎن , ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ , ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ , ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ
چكيده فارسي :
ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦﺑﯿﺎن ).Glycyrrhiza glabra L( ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺼﺎره ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از رﯾﺸﻪ و رﯾﺰوم آن ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر وﺳﯿﻌﯽ در ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ داروﯾﯽ و ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺿـﺮورت اﻫﻠـﯽ ﺳـﺎزي و ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﯽ اﯾـﻦ ﮔﯿـﺎه ﺑـﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان رﻫﯿﺎﻓﺖ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﯾﺪار آن از ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﻪ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦﺑﯿﺎن در ﮐﺸﺖ ﻫﯿﺪروﭘﻮﻧﯿﮏ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧـﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘـﺎﺗﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن زﯾﻨﺘﯽ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﯽ و ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان در ﺳﺎل 1397 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫـﺪ اﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ )1/5، 2، 2/5 و 3 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ( و ﺳﻪ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦﺑﯿﺎن )ﻻﻟﻪ زار و ﺑﺎﻓﺖ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣـﺎن و اﻗﻠﯿـ ﺪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع و ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﻣﯿﺎن ﮔﺮه، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ، ﻃﻮل و ﻗﻄﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ و ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻨﻞ ﮐﻞ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﮐﻞ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻨﻞ ﮐﻞ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎي وزن ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ و ﻓﻨﻞ ﮐﻞ را ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار داد. اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﺮ دو ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﺑﯿﻮﺷـﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. در ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﺳﻪ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ، ارﺗﻔﺎع و ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﻣﯿﺎن ﮔﺮه، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ و ﻗﻄﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ روﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ در اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺮﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ 1/5 و 2 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ )ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ 4/51 و 4/91 ﮔﺮم در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ( و اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ اﻗﻠﯿﺪ ﻓﺎرس ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ 2/5 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ )ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار 4/91 ﮔﺮم در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺮﻣﺎن در ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ 3 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ، ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪام زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ )16/02 ﮔـﺮم در ﺑﻮﺗـﻪ( را ﻧﺸـﺎن داد. از ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺻـﻔﺎت ﺑﯿﻮﺷـﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ در اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻻﻟﻪ زار و ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ 2/5 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑـﯿﺶ ﺗـﺮ ﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻨﻞ ﮐﻞ و درﺻﺪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻻﻟﻪ زار در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ 3 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ، اﮐﻮﺗﯿـﭗ ﺑﺎﻓـﺖ ﮐﺮﻣـﺎن و ﺳـﭙﺲ اﻗﻠﯿـﺪ ﻓـﺎرس در ﻣﺤـﺪوده ﻫـﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑـﯽ 1/5 و 2 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ، از رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻻﻟﻪ زار در ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ 3 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﻤﻮد ﺑﻬﺘﺮي داﺷﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is a perennial medicinal plant which its root and rhizome extract broadly use for food and pharmaceutical industries. Considering the necessity of its domestication as an alternative approach for its wild collection, this experiment was counducted to investigate the effect of electrical conductivity (EC) of nutrient solution on growth and yield of three licorice ecotypes under hydroponic culture.
Materials and methods: the experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Greenhouse of Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, University of Tehran in 2018. Treatments were included four levels of electrical conductivity (EC) of nutrient solution (1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 dS.m-1) and three licorice ecotypes (Baft and Lalehzar from Kerman province and Eqlid from Fars province). In this study, some morphophysiological traits such as plant height and diameter, main stem diameter, number of lateral branches per plant, internode length, leaf area, root length and diameter, root and shoot fresh and dry weight and some biochemical traits such as Chlorophyll index, total phenol content and total antioxidant activity were measured.
Results: the results showed that there was a significant difference between ecotypes on all studied traits except total phenol and total antioxidant activity. Also, different levels of electrical conductivity significantly affected the studied traits, except for root dry weight and total phenol. The interaction effect of both treatments was significant in terms of the morphophysiological and biochemical traits. In each of the three ecotypes studied, with increasing the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution, plant height and diameter, internode length, leaf area and root diameter showed a decreasing trend. The highest dry weight of shoots was observed in Baft ecotype from Kerman with electrical conductivity levels of 1.5 and 2 dS.m-1 (4.51 and 4.91 g.plant-1, respectively) and Eghlid ecotype from Fars with electrical conductivity of 2.5 dS.m-1 (4.91 g.plant-1). Also, Baft ecotype from Kerman showed the highest dry weight of root (16.02 g.plant-1) in electrical conductivity of 3 dS.m-1. In terms of biochemical traits, the highest amount of chlorophyll index was observed in Lalehzar ecotype from Kerman and electrical conductivity level of 2.5 dS.m-1. The highest amount of total phenol and percentage of antioxidant activity was related to Lalehzar ecotype at the electrical conductivity level of 3 dS.m-1.
Conclusion: according to the results, Baft ecotype from Kerman province and then Eqlid from Fars province in range of electrical conductivity level of 1.5-2 dS.m-1 performed better while in terms of quality criteria, Lalehzar ecotype from Kerman showed the highest amount in electrical conductivity of 3 dS.m-1 compared to other treatments.
