پديد آورندگان :
رستمي هير، ميترا دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه توليد و ژنتيك گياهي، اردﺑﯿﻞ، اﯾﺮان , شيخ زاده، پريسا دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه توليد و ژنتيك گياهي، اردﺑﯿﻞ، اﯾﺮان , خماري، سعيد دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه توليد و ژنتيك گياهي، اردﺑﯿﻞ، اﯾﺮان , زارع، ناصر دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه توليد و ژنتيك گياهي، اردﺑﯿﻞ، اﯾﺮان
كليدواژه :
داﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي روﻏﻨﯽ , ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد روﻏﻦ , ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ رﯾﺰﻣﻐﺬي , ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﺮﮔﯽ
چكيده فارسي :
ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از راﯾﺞ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﻠﺰا را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رﯾﺰ ﻣﻐﺬي ﻫﺎ در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داﻧﻪ روﻏﻨﯽ ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻔﯿﺪ و ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ، ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﺮﮔﯽ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪن ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و زراﻋﯽ ﮐﻠﺰاي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺼﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪن ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﮐﻠﺰا ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺼﻞ، اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1397-98 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺤﻘﻖ اردﺑﯿﻠﯽ اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آﺑﯿﺎري )آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﺎﻣﻞ و ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﯿﺎري در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﺮت اﺻﻠﯽ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪن )ﻋﺪم ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ )ﺻﻔﺮ(، ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 25 و 50 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﺮت ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﺒﺰﯾﻨﮕﯽ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ آب ﺑﺮگ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮاد ﻧﺸﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ از ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺎﻟﻮن دي آﻟﺪﻫﯿﺪ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗـﻪ ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﺷـﺎﺧﻪ ﺟـﺎﻧﺒﯽ ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﺧﻮرﺟﯿﻦ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺧﻮرﺟﯿﻦ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و درﺻﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد روﻏﻦ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﺒﺰﯾﻨﮕﯽ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ آب ﺑﺮگ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﺸﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺎﻟﻮن دي آﻟﺪﻫﯿﺪ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﺰا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻠﺰاي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه ﺷﺪ. اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﺰا ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي 25 و 50 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒـﺪن در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﺒﺰﯾﻨﮕﯽ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ آب ﺑﺮگ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﺳﯿﻮن ﻟﯿﭙﯿﺪي ﻏﺸﺎ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻠﺰاي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 25 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪن در ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ 31/6 درﺻﺪي ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺧـﻮرﺟﯿﻦ در ﺑﻮﺗـﻪ، 10/09 درﺻـﺪي وزن ﻫـﺰار داﻧـﻪ، 28/37 درﺻـﺪي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و 27/71 درﺻﺪي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد روﻏﻦ داﻧﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻋﺪم ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺧﻮرﺟﯿﻦ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 25 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪن ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﯿﺎري در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻠﺰاي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه داﺷﺖ. ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﺰا ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪن در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ و ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و زراﻋﯽ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه در ﮐﻠﺰا داﺷﺖ. اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد روﻏﻦ داﻧﻪ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ، ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ در ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﮐﻠﺰا در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﺎﻣﻞ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 25 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪن ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﺰا ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 25 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪن ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺨﺮب ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و روﻏﻦ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Water deficit stress is one of the most common abiotic stresses that reduce the growth, and development, and yield of crops such as oilseed rape. The Utilization of micronutrients in oilseed crops is one of the most valuable and practical approaches for improving grain yield and plant tolerance under drought stress conditions. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effect of foliar application of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles on the physiological and agronomic characteristics of winter oilseed rape under the end season drought stress.
Materials and methods: To investigate the effect of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles on the physiological and yield characteristics of oilseed rape under the end season drought stress, a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted with three replications at the research farm station of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018-2019. The experimental factors were irrigation (regular irrigation and omitting irrigation at the flowering stage) as main plots and molybdenum oxide nanoparticles foliar application ((0 (control), 25 and 50 mg/L) as sub-plots. The measured traits include the chlorophyll index, relative water content (RWC), electrical conductivity (EC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, plant height, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, oil percentage, and oil yield.
Results: The results showed that the drought stress during the flowering stage significantly decreased the chlorophyll index, leaf relative water content and increased the electrolyte leakage and MDA content in the leaves, which resulted in a significant decrement of the yield and yield components of oilseed rape. Under the end season drought stress conditions, the foliar application of 25 and 50 mg/L molybdenum oxide nanoparticles significantly increased the grain yield and yield components of oilseed rape compared to the control treatment, mainly through improving the chlorophyll index and leaf relative water content and decreasing the membrane lipid peroxidation. Under the end season drought stress conditions, foliar spraying with 25 mg/L molybdenum oxide nanoparticles caused about 31.6 percent increase in the number of pods per plant, 10.09 percent in 1000-grain weight, 28.37 percent in grain yield, and 27.71 percent in oil yield of oilseed rape as compared to no spraying treatment. Under regular irrigation conditions, the highest plant height, number of branches, and number of pods per plant were obtained with foliar application of 25 mg/L of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles.
Conclusion: The results showed that the irrigation omitting at the flowering stage (the end season drought stress) negatively affected the growth and yield of winter oilseed rape. The foliar spraying of oilseed rap plants with molybdenum oxide nanoparticles had positive and significant effects on the physiological and agronomic traits of oilseed rape under favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions. So that, foliar spraying improved the grain yield and oil yield and reduced the harmful effects of drought stress. In general, the foliar application of 25 mg/L molybdenum oxide nanoparticles had a positive and significant effect, on the physiological and agronomical characteristics of oilseed rape, and can be used to reduce the destructive effects of drought stress and improve the grain and oil yield of this plant.
