تحليل گونه شناختي روايات غسل امام

An analysis on the typology of the traditions of offering the ghusl of the Imam’s dead body

شماري از احاديث اماميه به اين مطلب اشاره دارند كه غسل امام پيشين را فقط امام پس از او بايد انجام دهد. از گام هاي مهم براي پژوهش درباره اين احاديث، دسته بندي و گونه شناسي آنهاست تا نقاط ضعف و قوت آنها را بهتر بشناسيم و ارزيابي دقيقتري نسبت به آنها انجام دهيم. در اين مقاله، اين روايات از سه جهت تقسيم بندي شده اند: اضطراب ذكر غسل در آنها، داشتن نشانه هاي جعل و اشاره به بقيه اعمال تجهيز غير از غسل. با دقت در اين تقسيم بنديها آشكار شد كه قرينه هاي مهمي براي عدم اعتماد ما به روايات غسل وجود دارد؛ چرا كه احتمال جعلي بودنِ شماري از آنها بسيار بالاست و شماري نيز داراي دو نقل متفاوت هستند كه اشاره به مسأله غسل تنها در يكي از اين دو نقل وجود دارد. همچنين در تعداد فراواني از اين روايات، برخي از امور ديگرِ تجهيز، مانند تكفين يا نماز ميت و... نيز الزاماً توسط امام (ع) دانسته شده است كه آشكارا با واقع تاريخي تجهيز معصومان: مخالفت دارد.

A number of the Twelver Shi’a hadiths refer to the fact that the dead body of an Infallible Imam should be given ritual bathing (ghusl al-mayyit) by the living succeeding Imam. Classification and typology of these hadiths are among the major steps for researching about them, so that one can better know their weak and strong points, and have a more accurate evaluation concerning them. In this article, these traditions have been classified from three aspects: 1) the incongruity (iḍṭirāb) about the mention of ghusl in them (i.e. disagreement of the narrators with one another in their version of the same tradition), 2) having the signs of fabrication, and 3) reference to the rest of the funerary acts other than ghusl. It has been revealed through scrutiny in this classification that there exist important indications for one’s unreliability on the traditions of ghusl, because it is highly probable that some of them are fabricated, and that some others have two different versions of reports so that the reference to the issue of ghusl exists in either of them (only). In addition, in a remarkable number of these traditions, some other funerary issues such as shrouding the dead body or offering prayer on it, etc. were considered to be necessarily done by the (living succeeding) Imam while they contradict the historical account of the Infallibles’ funerals.