كليدواژه :
مديريت , زن , روايت لن يفلح , تطور
چكيده فارسي :
فرودست شمردن زنان، ناديده گرفتن توانايي هاي آنان و ناكارآمد دانستن مديريت زنان، يكي از جريانات قابل مشاهده در تاريخ جوامع، از جمله جوامع مسلمان است. مطالعه موردي اين پژوهش روايت «لن يفلح قوم اسندوا امرهم الي امراه» است. بررسي آراي موافقان و مخالفان روايت، عوامل و زمينه هاي فرهنگي، سياسي و اجتماعي صدور و پذيرش چنين رواياتي، مسأله پژوهش حاضر است.
طي اين جستار، با روش پژوهش تحليل انتقادي، تفكرات محدود كنندهاي بازنمايي مي گردد كه به تدريج، با بازگشت به سنن جاهلي، زنان را نه تنها از مديريت و تصميم گيري هاي كلان سياسي و اجتماعي، كه از سواد آموزي، رفتن به بازار و حتي حضور در مساجد نيز نهي كرده و تا حصر خانگي زنان پيش ميرود. فارغ از بحثهاي مربوط به تاريخ گذاري اين حديث و با فرض صحت، روايت از قرن دوم تا هشتم هجري مورد قبول اغلب جريان هاي فكري جامعه اهل سنت بوده و به دليل كثرت نقل، وارد متون حديثي شيعي، مانند الخلاف و بحار الانوار نيز گرديده است. با وجود ورود به منابع شيعي اين تفكر در ميان شيعيان طرفداران كمتري دارد. با مطالعه شرايط تاريخي دهه هاي اوليه متوجه مي شويم كه عوامل و زمينه هايي مانند فتوحات، سرگرم شدن صحابه و تابعين به جنگ، اِعمال سليقه هاي فردي خلفا باعث برگشت به سنت هاي جاهلي قبيله اي و ناديده گرفتن زنان مي شوند. جريان نوانديش ديني، با نگاه منتقدانه، معتقد است متن اين گونه روايات چه جعلي دانسته شود و چه برخاسته از فهم تاريخي و منطقه اي، نتيجه حاصل از آن، دور افكندن چنين رواياتي است.
چكيده لاتين :
Belittling the women, disregarding their capabilities and deeming the women’s management inefficient is one of the observable trends in the history of societies including the Muslim society. The case study of this research is the tradition “lan yaflihḥa qawmun asnadū amrahum ilā imra’atin” (Any people who commend their affairs to a woman will never see prosperity). Analyzing the opinions of those who approve and those who disapprove the [reliability of the] tradition, as well as the cultural, political and social factors and backgrounds of the issuance of such traditions constitutes the problem of the present study. Having applied an analytical-critical method this research demonstrates limiting thoughts that by gradual return to the precedents of the Pre-Islamic era (jāhiliyyah) prevent the women not only from political and social macro management and decision making, but also from acquiring literacy, going to markets and even attending the mosques. It may even lead to house arrest of the women!
Regardless of the discussions pertaining to the dating of this hadith, and supposing that it is authentic, it should be noted that this hadith had been accepted by most of intellectual trends of the Sunni community during the second to the eighth centuries AH, and that due to its frequent quotation it has also crept into Shi’a hadith collections such as Kitāb al-Khilāf and Biḥār al-Anwār. Despite its occurrence in Shi’a sources, this idea has less advocates among the Shiites (compared with the Sunnis). Having studied the historical conditions of the early Islamic decades one notices that such factors and backgrounds as the conquests, the Companions' and the Successors' engagement in wars, and exertion of personal tastes by the caliphs [altogether] caused the return to the tribal precedents and those pertaining to the Pre-Islamic era, thus disregarding the women.
The religious new thinking trend with its critical approach believes that whether the text of this kind of traditions is considered as fabricated, or is deemed originated from a historical and regional understanding, the achieved result will be the same: such traditions are rejected
