ارتباط بين ادراك حمايت از جانب دوستان و سازگاري رواني-اجتماعي با بيماري در نوجوانان مبتلا به سرطان

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED SUPPORT FROM FRIEND an‎d PSYCHOSOCIAL ADJUSTMENT TO ILLNESS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH CANCER

پيش‌زمينه و هدف: سرطان يك بيماري مزمن شايع است كه باوجود پيشرفت‌هايي در درمان و مراقبت، تمام ابعاد زندگي شخصي- خانوادگي- اجتماعي فرد را متأثر ساخته و با توجه به پيامدهاي رواني-اجتماعي شديدي كه به دنبال دارد نيازمند سازگاري جسمي- رواني- اجتماعي مي‌باشد؛ اين مسئله در نوجوانان چون در دوره تغييرات تكاملي پيچيده هستند حائز اهميت بسياري است. همچنين ادراك نوجوان از حمايت‌هاي ارائه‌شده از سمت دوستان و ارتباط آن با سازگاري نوجوان با سرطان جاي بسي بحث و تحقيق دارد؛ لذا اين مطالعه باهدف تعيين ارتباط بين ادراك حمايت از جانب دوستان و سازگاري رواني-اجتماعي با بيماري در نوجوانان مبتلا به سرطان انجام شد. مواد و روش كار: در اين مطالعه توصيفي- همبستگي تعداد 95 نوجوان 20-11 ساله مبتلا به سرطان مراجعه‌كننده به بيمارستان سرطان امير و درمانگاه امام رضا "ع" شهر شيراز در سال 1398 با توجه به معيارهاي ورود به روش نمونه‌گيري در دسترس و با تكميل فرم مشخصات دموگرافيك و پرسشنامه‌هاي حمايت ادراك‌شده دوستان و سازگاري رواني- اجتماعي با بيماري در اين پژوهش شركت نمودند. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماري SPSS v.25 و آزمون‌هاي آمار توصيفي و تحليلي در سطح معني‌داري 0/05> P تجزيه‌وتحليل شدند. يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد كه از بين مشخصات دموگرافيك بين سن با سازگاري رواني- اجتماعي با بيماري رابطه معكوس وجود داشت، و بين ديگر شاخصه‌ها رابطه معناداري نبود. نمره كل سازگاري رواني–اجتماعي بين دخترها و پسرها اختلاف معنادار نداشت و همچنين ميانگين نمرات ادراك حمايت از جانب دوستان و نمره كل سازگاري رواني–اجتماعي بين بيماران مبتلا به سرطان خون و ساير انواع سرطان اختلاف معنادار نداشت. درصد بيشتر بيماران ادراك متوسطي نسبت به حمايت از جانب دوستان (63/2 درصد) با نمره كلي 23/24 داشتند. سازگاري رواني- اجتماعي با بيماري نيز با نمره كلي 2/01 در سطح سازگاري قوي قرار گرفت و بيشترين سازگاري مربوط به بعد نگرش نسبت به بيماري با ميانگين 0/74 ± 2/29 و كمترين سازگاري مربوط به بعد اختلالات روان‌شناختي با ميانگين 0/82±1/74 بود. نمره ادراك حمايت از جانب دوستان با نمره كل سازگاري رواني-اجتماعي و ابعاد نگرش نسبت به بيماري و محيط اجتماعي رابطه مستقيم داشت (0/05

Background & Aims: Cancer is a common chronic disease that, despite advances in treatment and care, affects all aspects of a person's personal-family-social life and requires physical-psychosocial adjustment due to the severe psychosocial consequences that follow. This is especially important in adolescents because they are in the period of complex evolutionary changes. Adolescents' perceptions of support from friends and its relationship to adolescent adjustment to cancer are also highly debated. Adolescents with cancer use a variety of social support resources to help diagnose and treat their disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the perception of support from friends and psychosocial adjustment to the disease in adolescents with cancer. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 95 adolescents aged 11-20 years with cancer who were referred to Amir Oncology Hospital and Imam Reza (AS) Clinic in Shiraz in 2019 according to the inclusion criteria of the available sampling method and by completing the demographic profile form and questionnaires of perceived support of friends and psychosocial adjustment to the illness scale participated in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.25 statistical software and descriptive and analytical statistical tests (mean and standard deviation, frequency and percentage, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, one-way ANOVA and independent t-test) at the significance level of p <0.05. Results: The results showed that among the demographic characteristics, there was an inverse relationship between ages with psychosocial adjustment to the illness, and there was no significant relationship between other characteristics. There was no significant difference between the total scores of psychosocial adjustments among girls and boys and also the mean scores of perceived supports from friends and the total score of psychosocial adjustment between patients with leukemia and other types of cancer. Most patients had moderate perception of support from friends (63.2%) with a total score of 23.24. Psychosocial adjustment to the illness was also at the level of strong adjustment with a total score of 2.01 and the highest adjustment was related to the attitude toward the illness with an average of 2.29 ± 0.47 and the lowest adjustment was related to the dimension of psychological disorders with an average of 1.74 ± 0.82. The score of perception of support from friends was directly related to the total score of psychosocial adjustment and the dimensions of attitudes toward illness and the social environment (p <0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be stated that there is a correlation between the perception of support from friends and psychosocial adjustment to cancer in adolescents with cancer. Direct correlation of perception of support from friends with the total score of psychosocial adjustment and dimensions of attitude towards illness and social environment confirms the effect of adolescents' social relationships with peers and friends on adaptation and adjustment to cancer in psychological (attitude to disease) and social dimensions (social environment). It is clear that adolescents with cancer, with a good understanding of the support provided by friends will have the power and motivation to accept and cope with the illness, and will be able to adapt to the new situation with a positive feeling. Considering the results of the present study and other similar studies, it can be stated that the support of friends as a source of support can help a person cope and promote psychosocial adjustment to the illness.