ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي اﯾﻤﻨﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﭘﯿﺶرو در ﻣﻌﺎدن ﺳﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش FMEA

Evaluating of Safety and Economic Challenges in Dimensional Stone Quarries of West-Azerbaijan Province Using FMEA Method

اﻣﺮوزه، ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ از ﻣﻌﺎدن ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺧﻄﺮﻫﺎي اﯾﻤﻨﯽ، ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ از ﺧﻄﺮﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ: ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎزار ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ آن، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﺗﻤﺎمﺷﺪه ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﺮوﮐﻪ ﺷﺪن ﻣﻌﺎدن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮازات ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﯾﻤﻨﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﺎدن ﺳﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺻﺎدرات ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ، اﻣﺮي ﻻزم و ﺿﺮوري ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻧﻮﯾﻨﯽ در ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي در ﮐﻨﺎر ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻌﺎدن ﺳﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ و راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺮوج از آنﻫﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﭘﺲ از ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي اﯾﻤﻨﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﺪت ﺧﻄﺮ، اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﻗﻮع و اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﮐﺸﻒ ﺧﻄﺮ در 10 ﻣﻌﺪن ﺳﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﻋﺪد رﯾﺴﮏ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﺧﻄﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ رﯾﺴﮏ FMEA ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯽ-ﺛﺒﺎﺗﯽ در ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ، ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﺗﻤﺎمﺷﺪه ﻣﺎده ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ، ﺑﺎزار ﻣﺴﮑﻦ، ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ و در ﮔﺮدش، ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، ﮐﺮاﯾﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻓﺮآوردهﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاﺟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺮآوري و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮاﺗﯽ ﺑﺎ رﯾﺴﮏ ﺑﺎﻻي 80 )داراي رﯾﺴﮏ رﯾﺴﮏ( ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ و اﺟﺮاي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ اﯾﻤﻦ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﮐﺮد. در ﻣﯿﺎن ﺧﻄﺮﻫﺎي اﯾﻤﻨﯽ، ﭘﺎرﮔﯽ ﺳﯿﻢ ﺑﺮش ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان رﯾﺴﮏ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ را داﺷﺖ )در ﺣﺪود 72 درﺻﺪ از ﻣﻌﺎدن(. ﭘﺲ از آن، رﯾﺰش و ﭘﺮﺗﺎب ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ در رﺗﺒﻪ دوم ﻗﺮار داﺷﺖ. ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان رﯾﺴﮏ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎرﮔﯽ ﺷﯿﻠﻨﮓ ﻫﻮاي ﻓﺸﺮده و دررﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﺟﮏ در ﺟﺮﺛﻘﯿﻞﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ.

Nowadays, many of Iran's dimensional stone quarries are affected by safety hazards, economic risks (such as: market demand decline, reducing of the production quality, increasing of production costs and raising of the final price of the product). This has led to a decline in production capacity or the abandonment of dimensional stone mines. So study these problems and safety hazards is very necessary to improve the status of mines and increase exports rates. The current study is a new approach to introducing economic problems alongside safety hazards for dimensional stone mines of West-Azerbaijan province. It also offers solutions to these problems. In this study, the safety and economic hazards were first identified. Then, the risk severity, probability of occurrence and probability of risk in 10 dimensional stone mines of West-Azerbaijan province were assessed by completing a questionnaire. The risk scores of each risk were determined using the FMEA risk assessment method. The results showed that volatility in mining activities laws, mineral prices, housing market, fixed capital, working capital, financing, renting of extractive products to processing plants and the impact of policy on mining economy including the risk is over 80 (high risk area). Of course, by formulating and implementing the right policies we can guide the construction stone industry to a safe margin from an economic point of view.