ماندگاري ويروس RNA دار در ميزبان: سازوكارها و پيامدها

Within host RNA virus persistence: mechanisms and consequences

در ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺣﺎد وﻳﺮوﺳﻲ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣﻲ رود ﭘﺎﺳﺦ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ اﻛﺘﺴﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ وﻳﺮوس را در ﻋﺮض ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺒﺮد. اﻣﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از وﻳﺮوس ﻫﺎي RNA دار ﻏﻴﺮ رﺗﺮووﻳﺮوﺳﻲ( ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎر اﻳﺠﺎد ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ از ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮوز ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺪن دوﺑﺎره ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﻋﻠﻲ رﻏﻢ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ وﻳﺮوس ﻫﺎي RNA دار در ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن، ﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﻮز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭼﻴﺰﻫﺎي زﻳﺎدي درﺑﺎره ﺳﺎزوﻛﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ دﺧﻴﻞ در اﻳﺠﺎد اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻣﻮزﻳﻢ. ﭼﺮا ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ذاﺗﻲ و اﻛﺘﺴﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻫﺎ را ﭘﺎك ﺳﺎزي ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ در اﻳﺠﺎد ﺑﻴﻤﺎري و ﻫﻤﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟

In a prototypical response to an acute viral infection it would be expected that the adaptive immune response would eliminate all virally infected cells within a few weeks of infection. However many (non-retrovirus) RNA viruses can establish ‘within host’ persistent infections that occasionally lead to chronic or reactivated disease. Despite the importance of ‘within host’ persistent RNA virus infections, much has still to be learnt about the molecular mechanisms by which RNA viruses establish persistent infections, why innate and adaptive immune responses fail to rapidly clear these infections, and the epidemiological and potential disease consequences of such infections.