مروري بر ويژگي هاي ساختاري و عملكردي سلول هاي سرتولي

A review on physiologic and functional features of testicular sertoli cells

ﺑﻴﻀﻪ اﻧﺪام ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﻲ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ در ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪاران اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ دارا ﺑﻮدن وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ وﻳﮋه ﺗﻮان ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﻲ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ را ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ؛ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﻀﻪ در ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪاران از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ و ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻧﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻮﻣﺎﻳﻲ وﻳﮋة ﺑﻴﻀﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﺗﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺳﭙﺮم ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺎزال( ﺗﺎ ﻟﻮﻣﻦ آن ﻛﺸﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭼﺎدري ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺳﭙﺮم ﺳﺎز را ﻣﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮم ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﻌﺎً ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي و ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﺳﺖ ؛ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ و ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺎﻳﻪ و اﺳﺎس ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه روي اﻳﻦ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎﺳﺖ، ﻋﺪم ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﺗﻮﻟﻲ در ﻛﻨﺎم )niche( ﺧﻮد اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﭘﺲ از اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج آن ﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻠﻴﺖ ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺎ ﻟﻜﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ اﺗﺼﺎل آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻜﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻫﻀﻢ آﻧﺰﻳﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻴﻀﻪ( در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻫﺎي وﻳﮋه و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ، آن ﻫﺎ را وادار ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﻲ در ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ و ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ از ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺴﻲ، ﻃﻲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﺳﭙﺮم زاﻳﻲ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ آﻳﻨﺪه اي روﺷﻦ را در ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻧﺎﺑﺎروري رﻗﻢ ﺑﺰﻧﺪ.

The testis is the functional reproductive unit in male mammals that express male reproductive performance with special chemical and physical characteristics. In mammals, each testis consists of complex tubules divided morphologically and physiologically into different functional sections consisting of specialized cells that today are important topics for the recent research fields. In this paper, we try to discuss the somatic and specialized cells, called Sertoli cells, from different scientific respects resulting from studies by the present authors and those of other researchers. These cells are part of the seminiferous cells extended from the basal lamina to the lumen lining the entire seminiferous tubules like a veil; this morphological form is definitely associated with their functional and physiological roles. An interesting and notable point, which is the basis of many researches on these cells, is the non-dividing of Sertoli cells in their niches. Upon extraction they can be forced to divide in different ways including plating with lectin (due to their binding affinity to lectin after enzymatic digestion of the testicular tissue) in special culture media and in vitro conditions. This can promise a bright future in solving the infertility problems according to its fundamental roles in physical and chemical support of germ cells during the process of spermatogenesis.