بوم‌شناسي و اقتصاد براي پيشگيري از همه‌گيري ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺟﻨﮕﻞ زداﻳﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮي و ﻣﺤﺪود ﺳﺎزي ﺗﺠﺎرت ﺣﻴﺎت وﺣﺶ از ﺷﻴﻮع زﺋﻮﻧﻮز ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺘﺮك اﻧﺴﺎن و ﺣﻴﻮان در آﻳﻨﺪه ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻛﺮد

Ecology and economics for pandemic prevention

در ﻃﻮل ﻳﻚ ﻗﺮن ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ دو وﻳﺮوس ﺟﺪﻳﺪ از ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اش ﺑﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﭘﻴﺪﻣﻲ ﻫﺎي MERS،SARS و H1N1 در ﺳﺎل 2009، HIV و ﻫﻤﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﺮوﻧﺎوﻳﺮوس در ﺳﺎل 2019 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻳﻲ از اﻳﻦ وﻳﺮوس ﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﻫﺪي ﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺎرات ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﺑﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. وﻳﺮوس ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺘﺮك اﻧﺴﺎن و دام در ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻳﻤﺎت زﻧﺪه، ﺧﻔﺎش ﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت وﺣﺸﻲ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ آن ﻫﺎ( و ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ از ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺮغ و ﺧﻮك،اﻓﺮاد را آﻟﻮده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. اﻣﺮوزه ﺧﻄﺮات ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﻫﺮ زﻣﺎن دﻳﮕﺮي اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺷﻴﻮع ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺑﺎ از دﺳﺖ دادن و ﭘﺎره ﭘﺎره ﺷﺪن ﺑﻲ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮي و ﺗﺠﺎرت در ﺣﺎل رﺷﺪ ﺣﻴﺎت وﺣﺶ را ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ.

For a century, two new viruses per year have spilled from their natural hosts into humans. The MERS, SARS, and 2009 H1N1 epidemics, and the HIV and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics, testify to their damage. Zoonotic viruses infect people directly most often when they handle live primates, bats, and other wildlife (or their meat) or indirectly from farm ani-mals such as chickens and pigs. The risks are higher than ever. Here, we assess the cost of monitoring and preventing disease spillover driven by the unprecedented loss and fragmentation of tropical forests and by the burgeoning wildlife trade. Currently, we invest relatively little toward preventing deforestation and regulating wildlife trade, despite well-researched plans that demonstrate a high return on their investment in limiting zoo-noses and conferring many other benefits.