پديد آورندگان :
آﺧﺎﻧﻲ، ﺣﺴﻴﻦ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان - ﭘﺮدﻳﺲ ﻋﻠﻮم - داﻧﺸﻜﺪه زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ - ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ - آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻫﺎﻟﻮﻓﻴﺖ , ﻣﻠﻚ ﻣﺤﻤﺪي، ﻣﺮﻳﻢ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان - ﭘﺮدﻳﺲ ﻋﻠﻮم - داﻧﺸﻜﺪه زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ - ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ - آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻫﺎﻟﻮﻓﻴﺖ , ﭘﻮرﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ، ﺣﺴﻨﺎ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و ﻋﻠﻮم زﻳﺴﺘﻲ، وﻳﻦ، اﺗﺮﻳﺶ , ﺻﻤﺪي، ﻧﻔﻴﺴﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان - ﭘﺮدﻳﺲ ﻋﻠﻮم - داﻧﺸﻜﺪه زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ - ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ - آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻫﺎﻟﻮﻓﻴﺖ
كليدواژه :
ﭘﺮدﻳﺴﺎن , ﺑﺎغ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ , ﺗﻬﺮان , باغ گياهشناسي تهران
چكيده فارسي :
ﭘﺎرك ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﭘﺮدﻳﺴﺎن و ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺠﺎور آن در ﺑﻴﻦ دو رود دره ﻓﺮﺣﺰاد و درﻛﻪ و دو اﺗﻮﺑﺎن ﺣﻜﻴﻢ و ﻫﻤﺖ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 2 ﺗﻬﺮان واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﭘﺎرك ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارد و ﻗﺒﻞ از اﻧﻘﻼب ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎرك ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻮد. ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﭘﺎرك 300 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر اﺳﺖ وﻟﻲ دو رود دره ﻓﺮﺣﺰاد در ﻏﺮب و رود دره درﻛﻪ در ﺷﺮق آن را ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮه ﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎل ﺗﻬﺮان ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ و ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺒﺰ ﻣﺠﺎور، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ﻃﺮف اﺗﻮﺑﺎن ﭼﻤﺮان، ﭘﺎرك ﻫﺎي ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ و ﻓﺪك و ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا وﺳﻌﺘﻲ ﺣﺪود 550 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﺳﺒﺰ را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﮔﺴﺘﺮده از ﺳﺎل 1377 ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﻔﻆ و اﺣﻴﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ در اﻳﻦ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ارزش ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ، ﻧﻴﺎز ﺗﻔﺮﺟﻲ، ﻋﻠﻤﻲ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﻋﺒﻮر دو روددره ﻣﻬﻢ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان، ﭘﺎرك ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﭘﺮدﻳﺴﺎن، ﺑﺮج ﻣﻴﻼد و ﺑﺎغ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﻬﺮان – ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ آن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اي ﻣﻴﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان و ﺷﻬﺮداري ﺗﻬﺮان از ﺧﺮداد ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل 1400 آﻏﺎز ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ – اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ارزش زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ از ﺳﺎل 1377 ﺣﺪود 530 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 443 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﻮدروي و 87 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺷﺪه از ﭘﺮدﻳﺴﺎن و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺠﺎور ﺑﺮج ﻣﻴﻼد( ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي، ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺎرك ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﻼﻏﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ از ﺑﻴﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ ﺣﺪود 74 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺧﻮدرو ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﭘﺮدﻳﺴﺎن ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه روﻳﺶ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﭙﻲ و ﻋﻠﻔﺰار ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻮن ﻣﻴﺎن ﻛﻮﻫﭙﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻟﺒﺮز ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺷﻤﺎل و اﺳﺘﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺟﻨﻮب واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮي از ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه را دارد. ﺳﻴﻤﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻔﺰار اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ اﺳﺘﭙﻲ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮن و اﺳﺘﻴﭙﺎ ﺑﻪ آن ﺳﻴﻤﺎي اﺳﺘﭙﻲ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ و درﺧﺘﭽﻪ اي- ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ در رود دره ﻫﺎ داده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﭘﺮدﻳﺴﺎن ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﻨﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي و ﻏﺮب ﭘﺮدﻳﺴﺎن در اﻣﺘﺪاد دره ﻓﺮﺣﺰاد( ﺑﺎارزش ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ را دارد. ﭘﺮدﻳﺴﺎن ارزش ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ دارد و ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﺛﺮي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺷﻬﺮي ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺮاث ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮد. در ﺿﻤﻦ اﺣﻴﺎي رود دره ﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﻆ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﻋﻠﻤﻲ و آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﻫﺪاف ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﺠﺎد ﺑﺎغ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ در دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ و ﺷﺮﻗﻲ اﺗﻮﺑﺎن ﭼﻤﺮان از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎت ﺳﺎل 1400 اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺷﻬﺮداري ﺗﻬﺮان و داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان آﻏﺎز ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺨﺶ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ آن واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﭘﺎرك ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮداري ﺗﻬﺮان ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻤﻲ از ﺑﺎغ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺨﺶ رده ﺑﻨﺪي، ﮔﺬر ﻟﻴﻨﻪ، ﺑﺎغ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ و ﻣﻴﻮه و ﺑﺎغ ﻛﻮدﻛﺎن و زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم زاﮔﺮس ﻗﺮار دارد. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﻲ و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ،زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﻫﻴﺮﻛﺎﻧﻲ، اﻟﺒﺮز و ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺒﻲ از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﻫﺎي 5 ﻗﺎره ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻮزه ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﻳﻮم( در ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه و ﻣﻮزه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دﻧﻴﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن، دﻳﺮﻳﻨﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ، ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﺸﺎﻧﺴﻲ و ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﺮدﻣﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ( در ﻣﻮزه ﻋﻠﻢ اﺟﺮا ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﺮاث ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ و ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﭘﺎرك ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﭘﺮدﻳﺴﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺑﺎغ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ در آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﻮﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻤﻴﻦ ﺷﻮراي اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ 10 ﻣﺮداد 1400 و ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬاري ﺑﺎغ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﻬﺮان در ﻣﺼﻮﺑﻪ 29 ﺗﻴﺮ 1400 ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﻴﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Pardisan Nature Park and its surrounding areas are located in western parts of Tehran (district 2) between two river valleys of Farahzad and Darakeh in the west and east, Hakim and Hemmat highways in the north and south. Iranian Department of Environment (DOA) planned to convert the park into a nature park representing world biomes in 1975. The area of the park is 300 hectares connected to the mountains of north Tehran by both rivers. The whole area and its surroundings include large green area covering 550 hectares (including Milad Tower, Fadak and Goftegoo Parks, and the hills in Molla Sadra and Geophysics, University of Tehran). Based on intensive botanical studies since 1998 a master plan is suggested for the area in order to protect and restore the natural vegetation, landscapes management considering biodiversity importance, recreational, scientific, and research demands. Presence of two river valleys, Pardisan Nature Park, Milad Tower, and the newly planned Tehran Botanical Garden (TBG) highlights the importance of this area for the environment. The establishment of a botanical garden is approved based on an agreement signed between University of Tehran and the Tehran Municipality in May, 23, 2021. Based on the long-term studies since 1998, 530 vascular plants including 443 native and 87 cultivated plants are known from Pardisan and surrounding areas in Milad Tower hill. Land use changes in particular, construction of Nahjolbalagheh Park, caused disappearing of ca. 74 native species in the area. The present vegetation of Pardisan represents a temperate grassland steppe vegetation having both montane elements growing in the foothills of Alborz Mountains and the dry steppes of the central Iran. The physiognomy of the area consists of grassland with perennial species belonging to the genera Astragalus, Stipa and shrubby and forest in the river valleys. Based on our studies, the central part of Pardisan is the most species-rich zone. The flora of Fahrazad consisted large number of highly valuable species. Pardisan is of high biodiversity importance to be considered as a National Natural Monument and a first urban protected area inside of Tehran. The restoration of river valleys to protect native biodiversity and management the area for scientific and educational program is a major output of this paper. Based on the agreement signed between University of Tehran and Tehran Municipality in May, 23rd 2021, construction of TBG is started. The western parts of the TBG located in the north of Goftegoo Park, the systematic section, Linnaeus corridor, medicinal plants and fruit garden, kid garden and the Zagros ecosystem. In its eastern side, Botanical Research Institute, greenhouses and phytogeographical section representing Hyrcanian forests, Alborz Mountains, and selected biomes/ecosytems/elements of five continents will be constructed. Herbarium is planned as part of the research institute and botanical museum (showing the world of plants, paleobotany, archaeobotany and ethnobotany) is going to be a part of the Science Museum. The registration of Pardisan Nature Park as a natural and biodiversity heritage site and establishing a Botanical Garden in Tehran was approved by the Islamic City Council of Tehran on 1 August 2021.
