ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﺧﻼﻗﯽ در اﺟﺮاي واﮐﺴﯿﻨﺎﺳﯿﻮن ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ 19

Ethical Issues in COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout

ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﭘﺎﻧﺪﻣﯽ ﮐﻮﻭﻳﺪ 19، ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﻧﺒــﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴــ ﺪ ﻭﺍﮐﺴــﻦ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻧﺪﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻮﺟــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻋــﺪﻡ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﯼ ﻣــﻮﺛﺮ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻭﺍﮐﺴﻦ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻧﺪﻣﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــ ﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟــﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﻭﺍﮐﺴﻴﻨﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻــﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺎﺳــ ﯽ ﺍﺧــﻼﻕ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﯽ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ. ﺗﻮﻟﻴــ ﺪ ﺍﻳﻤــﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ، ﺳــﭙﺮﯼﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺣــﻞ ﻋﻠﻤــ ﯽ ﻭ ﺍﺧﻼﻗﯽ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﯽ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﯽ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ، ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﯼ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴــ ﺪ ﻫــﺮ ﻭﺍﮐﺴﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﮐﺴﻴﻨﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑــﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﻮ ﻳــ ﺖ ﺍﻓــﺮﺍﺩ ﺁﺳــ ﻴﺒﭙﺬﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔ ﻴﺮﺩ. ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻠﻠــ ﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑــﻞ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓــﺖ ﻭﺍﮐﺴــﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ؛ ﺍﺯﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﮔﻤﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋــﺎﺕ، ﺑــ ﻲﺍﻋﺘﻤــﺎﺩﯼ ﻋﻤــﻮﻣﯽ ﺑــﻪ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﯼ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﮐﺴﻴﻨﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﯼﻫﺎ، ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺑــﻮﺩﻥ ﻧــﺮﺥ ﻣﺮﮒ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﮐﻮﻭﻳﺪ 19. ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ، ﺑﻮ ﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﯽ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ , ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﮐﻢ ﻭﻟــ ﯽ ﺍﺣﺘﻤــﺎﻟﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﮐﺴﻦ ﺗﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺮﯼ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻧــﺮﺥ ﻣﺮﮒ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﴽ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﮔ ﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ، ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺍﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﺍﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻭﺍﮐﺴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ، ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻮﺍﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﮐﺴﻴﻨﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺗﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺍﻓــﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻋﺘﻤــﺎﺩﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﻭﭘــﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.

From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers aspired to produce an effective vaccine with appropriate efficacy and low side effects to mitigate the pandemic. It seems that vaccination is the only mean to save the world from this pandemic. In this article, we will review the ethical challenges of mass vaccination (focusing on the vaccine distribution and uptake), referring to the main principles of bioethics. Safe and standard manufacturing and passing scientific and ethical stages, as well as evaluation of efficacy and safety monitoring, are the main considerations in the production of vaccines. Justice requires that vulnerable and high-risk individuals be vaccinated sooner. Public vaccination must therefore be ethically prioritized. Individuals may for some reason resist vaccination. For example due to, the confusion caused by mass media information, public’s distrust of the medical profession, the proposed relationship between vaccination and development of certain diseases, and finally low death rate due to covid 19 in some groups, especially young and healthy individuals. However, as the disease is highly contagious and if it spreads, the death rate and hospitalization due to the disease rises sharply, and the consequences of the disease mainly affect vulnerable people, in moral decision-making, the benefits and harms of the vaccine for each person should be considered against the benefits for and harms to the society. In addition, to respect the individuals’ autonomy, cultural modalities and persuasive programs shall be considered. This article is aimed to address the ethical issues of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout while proposing practical solutions to handle them.