مطالعه سبك شناسي تاريخي قالي هاي بافته شده در دوران شاه طهماسب اول

Study of the Historical Stylistics of Safavid Rugs from the Shah Tahmasb I

قالي ايراني از هنرهايي است كه شناخت آن در دانش سبك شناسي و در چند دهه اخير مورد اقبال پژوشگران اين حوزه بوده است. با اين همه اين پژوهش ها در ابتداي راه قرار داشته و به همين خاطر با برخي كاستي ها و گاهي با اظهار نظرهاي غير علمي نيز همراه بوده كه از آن جمله مي توان به سبك شناسي براساس مناطق جغرافيايي اشاره نمود. به همين خاطر نظر واحدي در سبك شناسي قالي هاي ايراني وجود ندارد. اين در حالي است كه رويكردهاي تاريخي يكي از روش هايي قلمداد مي شود كه قسمت مهمي از فرش هاي ايراني را در قالب آن مي توان تعيين سبك نمود. با توجه به موارد گفته شده و همچنين اهميت عصر صفويه و تأثير قدرت پادشاهان اين دوره در قالي بافي ايران، سبب شد تا اين پژوهش با هدف سبك شناسي تاريخي قالي هاي دوره‌ي شاه طهماسب اول و با روش توصيفي-تحليلي به آناليز و بررسي موردي تعدادي از قالي هاي بافته شده در اين دوره با استفاده از منابع كتابخانه اي و مشاهدات ميداني بپردازد كه در نتيجه ي آن، صفات سبكي مشترك ميان قالي هاي متعلق به اين دوره محرز گردد. همچنين تأثير عوامل محيطي از جمله اوضاع اقتصادي، اجتماعي، فرهنگي و سياسي بر ويژگي هاي ظاهري و فني اين دسته قالي ها و تميزدادن آنها با قالي هاي ادوار ديگر، كشف ويژگي هاي سبكي ميان قالي هاي متعلق به اين دوران آنها را از لحاظ تاريخي و هنري سبك شناسي و گروه بندي كند. كه به سب آن پراكندگي اختلاف نظر در اين حوزه كاهش يابد.

Persian carpet is one of the arts that is known in the science of style and has been of interest to researchers in this field in recent decades. However, this research is just the beginning and is therefore accompanied by some shortcomings and sometimes unscientific statements, including stylistics based on geographical areas. For this reason, there is no single opinion about the style of Iranian carpets. However, historical approaches have been considered as one of the methods that can be used to determine an important part of Iranian carpets in style. Considering the importance of the Safavid period, in addition to the importance of the Safavid era and the influence of the power of the kings of this period, also different opinions, including the often incorrect categories of these carpets and their belongings to a specific region of Iran without considering the reasons Logical, scientific and historical contexts Due to the great importance of this period in the history of carpet weaving in Iran, which has caused confusion in this field, and due to the special place of stylistics in scientific dealings with art, the reign of Shah Tahmasb I, as one One of the most brilliant periods of Iranian carpet weaving has been consistently significant. During the long reign of Shah Tahmasb, the art of carpet weaving in Iran reached its highest level. Tahmasb, despite his intense interest in carpet weaving and because of his attention to this art, made this profession considered as an art. In this study, we tried to use the approach of historical stylistics as an interdisciplinary category that helps us to be influential factors in the formation of an art. This position and special importance of carpets belonging to the Safavid period in the history of carpet weaving in Iran and according to the contents of the carpet style leading to this research with the aim of historical stylistics of Shah Tahmasb I carpets around the world, including the museum. New York Metropolitan, Victoria and Albert London, Decorative Arts of Paris, Islamic Arts of Berlin (Pergamon), Museum of Iranian Carpet, Astan Quds Razavi Museum of Mashhad, etc. were examined. evaluated and analyzed in terms of appearance and technical characteristics. Were analyzed. an‎d with the help of the obtained data, individual traits should be identified separately among the carpets of each period, as well as the common features between the carpets of these periods should be identified and presented in the form of historical stylistics. Iranian carpet has a historical and artistic approach. . This descriptive-analytical study analyzes a number of carpets in this period using library resources and field observations, as a result, the common light traits among the carpets belonging to this period are identified. The influence of environmental factors such as economic, social, cultural and political conditions on the appearance and technical characteristics of this category of carpets and distinguishing them from carpets of other periods, discovering the stylistic features among the carpets belonging to this period historically an‎d art stylistics and grouping. In order to reduce the dispersion of disagreement in this area.