حمايت از نظريه برنامه حركتي تعميم يافته در سطح رفتاري براساس آناليز رگرسيون فردي: يافته هايي برخلاف اصول مهارت هاي ويژه

supporting generalized motor program theory at the behavioral level based on individual regression analysis: findings against especial skill effects

ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ در ﯾﮏ ﻋﻀﻮ از ﻃﺒﻘﻪ اي از ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻼف اﺻﻮل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ داده ﻫﺎ، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي GMP و ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه از زاوﯾﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ و آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰﻫﺎي ﻓﺮدي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮال ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، از ﻫﻔﺖ ﺑﺎزﯾﮑﻦ ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ دارت ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ 252 ﭘﺮﺗﺎب دارت را در ﻫﻔﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﻫﺪف ﮐﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ آن، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻧﺒﻮه ﺑﻮد، در ﺳﻪ ﺳﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﻨﺪ. آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻓﺮدي رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﺧﻄﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ B و E ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﻤﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد واﻗﻌﯽ و ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺷﺪه رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن، اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ اﻣﺎ در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ، اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: اﯾﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺻﻮرت آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻓﺮدي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ، ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه در ﺳﻄﺢ رﻓﺘﺎري ﻣﺘﺰﻟﺰل اﺳﺖ. از ﻃﺮف دﯾﮕﺮ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ از اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ و ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ، ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺧﺎﺻﯽ از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ و ﺗﮑﺮار در ﯾﮑﯽ از اﻋﻀﺎي ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرت، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﮑﺲ دارد و اﻟﺒﺘﻪ در ﺗﻀﺎد ﺑﺎ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺧﻄﻮط ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺟﺎﻟﺒﯽ را ﺑﺮاي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي آﯾﻨﺪه ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ.

Especial skills are a distinguished performance in one member within a class of skill which is a debate that has confliction with generalized motor program basis. Previous researchers have used the mean analysis of data, thus this study was conducted to determine the degree of generalized motor program's generalizability and especial skills by evaluating the role of experience level with individual analyzes. Methodology: To answer the research question, seven experienced dart players were asked to dart throw 252 throws from seven distances in which most practiced distances was middle distance, executed in three sets. Individual analysis of linear regression was performed to calculate predicted performance. Results: Final results showed that there was a significant difference between the actual and the predicted regression in the two samples B and E, which had a lower experience level than others, but there was no significant difference between the other samples with the more experience. Conclusion: These findings revealed that especial skills are shaken at the behavioral level in the case of analysis of individual performance instead of an average analysis. On the other hand, the findings support the hypothesis that the level of experience and practice leads to a relative generalizability of the generalized motor program, which has a comparative relationship with the level of practice and repetition in one of the members of the skill class, and in contradiction with Findings of especial skills. These findings will draw interesting research questions and practical applications for future research.