ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر رواﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ و ﻧﺎﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮش ارﺗﻔﺎع

The effects of psychological pressure on attention to related and unrelated attentional sources of vertical jump performance

ﻓﺸﺎر رواﻧﯽ در ﺣﯿﻦ اﺟﺮاي ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﻬﺎي ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ، ﻣﻔﯿﺪ واﻗﻊ ﮔﺮدد. ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر رواﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ و ﻧﺎﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮش ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮد. روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻧﻮع ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. 63 داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﭘﺴﺮ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖﺑﺪﻧﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اروﻣﯿﻪ، ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺳﻨﯽ 18ﺗﺎ 28 ﺳﺎل، ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ ﭘﺮش ارﺗﻔﺎع را در دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر رواﻧﯽ ﮐﻢ و زﯾﺎد اﺟﺮا ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﺸﺎر رواﻧﯽ از روﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻣﺤﺮﮐﻬﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﺟﻮاﯾﺰ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. اﺿﻄﺮاب ﺣﺎﻟﺘﯽ رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ، ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ )دروﻧﯽ، ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ(، و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﺎﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ )ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ از ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ(، و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺮش ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري، 0/05 در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﯽ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻓﺸﺎر رواﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺮش ارﺗﻔﺎع )M1=43/52±6/02 و M2=42/33±6/37(، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ در ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﺎﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ، )MD1=5/96 و 2/48- =MD2(، و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ در ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ دروﻧﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ )MD1=3/41 و 2/54- =MD2(، ﻣﯽﺷﻮد )0/05

Psychological pressure while performing motor skills can be result in focus of attention on various sources. Identification of these sources would be useful in applying appropriate instructions.The aim of this study was to examine the effects of psychological pressure on attention to related and unrelated attentional sources of vertical jump performance. Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental design. 63 male physical education from Urmia Islamic Azad University students performed vertical jump task in two different psychological pressure situations. Social comparison, contextual and reward incentives were used to create the psychological pressure. Competitive state anxiety, attentional focus on task related (internal, external) and unrelated (performance worries and environmental factors), and vertical jump performance were assessed. Results: The paired-samples t test results showed that psychological pressure resulted in decrease of vertical jump performance (M1=43.52±02/6, M2=42.33±37/6), more orientation of attentional focus on task related sources rather than unrelated sources (MD1 =5.96, MD2= -2.48), and more orientation of attentional focus on internal sources rather than external sources (MD1 =3.41, MD2= -2.54), (P>0.05). Conclusion: At whole, the findings are in line with skill-focused theory and suggest that the attention focus leads to attentional changes to task-related sources, especially internal task related sources.