ارﺗﺒﺎط رﺿﺎﯾﺘﻤﻨﺪي و ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻣﯽ از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ، اﻧﮕﯿﺰش ﺧﻮدﻣﺨﺘﺎري، ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﺧﻠﻘﯽ و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻼت رﻓﺘﺎري در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ورزش ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن

The Relationship among Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Thwarting, Autonomous Motivation, Affective Outcomes and Behavioral Intentions in Adolescent's Educational Sport Environment; Modeling Based on Basic Psychological Needs Theory

اﻣﺮوزه ﻓﻮاﯾﺪ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻋﺰتﻧﻔﺲ، ﺧﻠﻖ و ﺧﻮي و ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن و ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ آﺷﮑﺎر ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط رﺿﺎﯾﺘﻤﻨﺪي و ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻣﯽ از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ، اﻧﮕﯿﺰش ﺧﻮدﻣﺨﺘﺎر و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﺧﻠﻘﯽ)ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ( و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻼت رﻓﺘﺎري )ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي ورزش، ﻣﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ اداﻣﻪ ورزش( در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ورزش ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻮد. روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 500 ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن )250 ﭘﺴﺮ و 250 دﺧﺘﺮ( ﺑﺎ داﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﯽ 12-17 ﺳﺎل، ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪه در ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ورزﺷﯽ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي رﺿﺎﯾﺘﻤﻨﺪي و ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻣﯽ از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ، ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﻫﺎي رﻓﺘﺎري در ورزش، ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﻓﺘﮕﯽ ورزﺷﯽ و ﻣﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ اداﻣﮥ ورزش را ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎنداد رﺿﺎﯾﺘﻤﻨﺪي از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻣﯽ از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻨﻔﯽ، اﻧﮕﯿﺰش ﺧﻮدﻣﺨﺘﺎري را ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ و اﻧﮕﯿﺰش ﺧﻮدﻣﺨﺘﺎري ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﮥ ﺧﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪة ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ )ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ اداﻣﮥ ورزش( و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪة ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﯽ )ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي ورزش( ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻣﯽ از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪة ﻗﻮيﺗﺮ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و رﺿﺎﯾﺘﻤﻨﺪي از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪة ﻗﻮيﺗﺮ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ورزش ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن، ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در اﻧﮕﯿﺰش، ﺣﺎﻻت ﺧﻠﻘﯽ و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻼت رﻓﺘﺎري ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ورزش ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Nowadays, the psychological benefits associated with participating in regular physical activity, including general improvements in the self-esteem, self-confidence and psychological well-being of children and adolescents, are well illuminated. According to Basic Psychological Needs Theory (Deci & Ryan, 2002), the purpose of this research was to examine the relationship among satisfaction and thwarting of basic psychological needs, autonomous motivation, affective outcomes (negative and positive affect), and behavioral intentions (sport devaluation and Intention to continue sport) in adolescent’s sport educational environment.Methodology: Participants include 500 adolescents (250 girl and 250 boy, with age range 12-17 years) who participated in Summer Educational Sport classes in Tabriz city. They selected in cluster sampling way and completed the questionnaires of psychological needs satisfaction and thwarting, the behavioural regulations in sport, positive and negative affect, sport burnout , and intention to continue sport participation.Results: Results by analyzing pearson correlational coefficients and track analysis showed that needs satisfaction negatively and needs thwarting positively predicted autonomous motivation, in turn, autonomous motivation predicted positively adaptive outcomes (positive affect and intention to continue sport) and negatively nonadaptive outcomes (negative affect and sport devaluation). In addition, needs thwarting predicted strongly nonadaptive outcomes, but needs satisfaction predicted strongly adaptive outcomes.Conclusion: Overall, these finding by confirming the potential utility of the basic psychological needs theory in adolescent's sport educational environment, suggest that basic psychological needs is an effective variable in adolescent's motivation, affect states, and behavioral intentions at sport educational environments