ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺷﺪت ﻫﺎي ﺧﻔﯿﻒ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﺣﺎد ﺑﺮ اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺎﻻي 60 ﺳﺎل

Effect of Low and Moderate Acute Resistance Exercise on Cognitive Flexibility in the Older Adults above 60 Years Old

اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ4 ﺑﯿﻦ وﻇﺎﯾﻒ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﺣﺎد ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪتﻫﺎي ﺧﻔﯿﻒ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮ اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺎﻻي 60 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻮد. روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: 40 ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ )n=20( و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل )n=20( ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ more-oddﻃﯽ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ، 15دﻗﯿﻘﻪ و 180دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻗﺪرﺗﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪتﻫﺎي ﺧﻔﯿﻒ 10RM%40 و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ 70%10RM ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آزﻣﻮن آﻣﺎري آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎي ﺗﮑﺮاري در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري 0/05 ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻗﺪرﺗﯽ )ﺷﺪت ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﺧﻔﯿﻒ( ﺣﺎد ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮ روي زﻣﺎن ﭘﺎﺳﺦ، ﺻﺤﺖ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﯾﯽ در آزﻣﻮن ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ more-oddدر ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان دارد. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ و ﺷﺪت ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ )ﺷﺪت ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﺧﻔﯿﻒ( ﺑﺮ اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻧﻤﯽدﻫﺪ، درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ زﻣﺎن اﺟﺮاي ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ -more odd ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن دارد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﯾﮏ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﺣﺎد ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪتﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﺧﻔﯿﻒ ﻫﺮ دو ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﯽﺷﻮد؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان و ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ آنﻫﺎ از اﯾﻦ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد.

Cognitive flexibility is a type of executive function that shows the ability to the attention change between different tasks and is affected by the aging process as the age increases. The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of acute resistance training with low to moderate intensity on cognitive flexibility in the older adults above 60 years old. Methodology: 40 healthy older were randomly assigned into an experimental and control groups. The inhabitation control was assessed by the more-odd task, conducted in the three stages; before intervention, 15 and 180 minutes after intervention. Strength training for the experimental group were performed with low intensity (40% -10RM) and moderate (70% -10RM). Data were analyzed by 2 × 3 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA at a significant level of 0.05. Results: The results of the study showed that acute resistance training had a significant effect on the response time, response accuracy and shifting index of the more-odd task in the older adults (p <0.05). In addition, the results showed that gender and exercise intensity had no significant impact on the effect of resistance training on inhabitation control (P> 0.05), while the more-odd task conduct time after resistance training had a significant effect on the test results (p <0/05). Conclusion: A session of moderate and mild acute resistance training both improves the cognitive flexibility of the older adults. Therefore, it is recommended that these exercises be used to improve the cognitive flexibility of the older adults and to prevent their cognitive decline.