ارزيابي ارگونوميكي ريسك فاكتورهاي اختلالات اسكلتي- عضلاني در پرستاران با استفاده از روش QEC و ارتباط آن با استرس شغلي

Ergonomic Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk Factors in Nurses using QEC Method and Its Relation with Job Stress

اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ – ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ و اﺳﺘﺮس ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ دﻏﺪﻏﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎ و ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ رﯾﺴﮏ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ روش QEC و ارﺗﺒﺎط آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺮس ﺷﻐﻠﯽ در ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ ﺑﻮد؛218 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران ﺷﺎﻏﻞ در دو ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي دﻣﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ، ﻧﻮردﯾﮏ و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﮥ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﺳﺘﺮس ﺷﻐﻠﯽ HSE و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ رﯾﺴﮏ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش QEC اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮاي آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ دادهﻫﺎ از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار آﻣﺎري 21 SPSS ، آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺮ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮏﻃﺮﻓﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﯿﻮع اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ – ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران 83/93% ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ، 58/78% ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران در ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺴﮏ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ و 32/45% در ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺴﮏ ﺑﺎﻻ اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و 63/38% آﻧﺎن داراي اﺳﺘﺮس ﺷﻐﻠﯽ زﯾﺎد ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﺮه ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ QEC ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺮس ﺷﻐﻠﯽ داراي راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار و ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﻤﺮه QEC ، ﻧﻤﺮه اﺳﺘﺮس ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب و اﺳﺘﺮسزاي ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت اﺻﻼﺣﯽ ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮕﯽ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺳﺮﯾﻊﺗﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد؛ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺪاﺧﻼﺗﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران در ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ راهﺣﻞﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ و اﺳﺘﺮس ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ و اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدد.

Musculoskeletal disorders and job stress are one of the most important concerns of staffs in organizations and specifically hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the musculoskeletal disorder risk in the nurses with the QEC method and its relation with job stress. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study that was cross-sectional in terms of time; 218 nurses were studied in two of Isfahan city hospital. Collecting data done using demographic, Nordic questionnaires and HSE job Stress questionnaire and ergonomic factors risk assessment among nurses using QEC method. The SPSS 21 statistical software, the Pearson correlation coefficient statistical tests and one-way ANOVA were used for analyzing data. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was obtained 83.93% among nurses, 58.78% of nurses were at high risk level and 32.45% were at moderate risk level of suffering to disorders and 63.38% of them had high job stress. The final score of QEC had a significant and indirect relationship with job stress. Conclusion: With the increase of QEC score, stress score decreased, which means adverse condition and stressful nurses in addition to the Ergonomics corrective actions be done than faster; the applications of appropriate interventions to enhance the awareness of nurses in order to achieve solutions optimally formulated and implemented to prevent or reduce musculoskeletal disorders and job stress.