ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺑﺮي: ﻣﻌﻤﺎري، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي، ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي و ﻧﻘﺶ آن در اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺷﯿﺎء

Survey on Fog Computing: Architecture, Applications, Taxonomy and Its Role on the Internet of Things

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺷﯿﺎء، روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺘﺪاول ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻧﺒﻮه دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ، از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎ و ﻣﺤﺮك ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ دﻫﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي اﺑﺮي ﻣﺘﺼﻠﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺷﯿﺎء وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺑﺮي ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻋﻈﯿﻤﯽ از داده ﺷﺎﻣﻞ داده ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ رﺳﺎﻧﻪ اي ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﮑﺲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ دﻫﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي اﺑﺮي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮي ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻼدرﻧﮓ و ﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﯾﮏ روش ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﻼدرﻧﮓ ﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺧﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻄﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ دﻫﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻪ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ و ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺑﺮي را ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺪرﯾﺠﯽ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺷﺪه، از ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺑﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻪ، ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻪ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺑﺮ روي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﻣﻮاردي ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت آﯾﻨﺪه اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Because of the dramatic increase in IoT devices usage, the traditional computing needs are changing growingly. Various types and huge numbers of devices like sensors and actuators are interconnected with clouds of servers on IoT. There are many applications of cloud computing in the context of IoT devices. Here, a large volume of data including multimedia data like image created by sensors is transmitted to servers in clouds through networks. However, the cloud alone cannot provide the required real-time responses with location aware services. To support the computational demand of real-time latency-sensitive applications a new computing paradigm named “Fog computing” has been introduced. Fog computing resides closer to the end devices and extends the cloud-based computing, storage and networking facilities. In this Paper, we discuss the evolution of distributed computing from the cloud computing to the fog computing, fog computing architecture, the current status on fog computing research along with a taxonomy of various existing works in this direction.