اثبات و يأس از اثبات

Proof and despair of proof

ماده 3 قانون آيين دادرسي مدني مصوب 21/1/1379 قضات دادگاه‌ها را موظف ساخته موافق قوانين به دعاوي رسيدگي كرده "حكم مقتضي" صادر و يا "فصل خصومت" نمايند. مقدمه ضروري "رسيدگي به دعوي" جهت "صدور حكم مقتضي و يا فصل خصومت" مفهِم آن است كه حكم مقتضي و فصل خصومت -بالضروره و بلاتفكيك- نتيجه رسيدگي ماهيتي است. مضافاً به دلالت تعريف قضاء و نيز با لحاظ قيود فصل خصومت به عنوان يك حقيقت عرفيه، بدون اصدار رأي ماهيتي با هيچ‌يك از فصل خصومت و حكم مقتضي مواجه نيستيم. ضابطه تميز حكم مقتضي از فصل خصومت دليل استنادي حكم است. اگر مستند رأي، دليل اثبات دعوي باشد حكم، حكم مقتضي است؛ و در خارج ازمصبّ ادله فوق و مآلاً استناد به قواعدي نظير قاعده قرعه، حكم صادره فصل خصومت (در معناي خاص كلمه) خواهدبود. علت تقدّم كلامي صدور حكم مقتضي بر فصل خصومت در متن ماده آن است كه با وجود ادله اثبات دعوي و مآلاً امكان صدور حكم مقتضي نوبة به فصل خصومت نمي‌رسد و علت ترتّب مقامي دليل اثبات دعوي بر ضوابط فصل خصومت كاشفيت آن است از حق، كاشفيتي كه ضابطه فصل خصومت از آن محروم است. با عنايت به اين كه قانون تفكيكي ميان ادله اثبات و ضوابط فصل قائل نشده است بايستي با تأمل در اقسام احكام صادره -حسب دليل و ضابطه استنادي- ماهيت آن را بازشناخت.

Article 3 of the Civil Procedure Law approval of 9 April 2000 has charged the judges of courts to deal with the lawsuits due to the laws and issue an order or solve the disputes. The essential introduction of dealing with the lawsuits to issue an order or solve the disputes can infer the meaning that qualified order of solving disputes is the consequence of natural dealing. Moreover, due to the definitions of the judges and due to verdicts of dispute solution as a customary truth, without the issuance of the natural vote, no one can counter dispute solution or issuance of qualified order. The regulation to differentiate the qualified order from dispute solution is the documental reason for the verdict. If the document of the vote is the reason for proofing the claim, the order is the qualified order. Besides, out of the limit of the mentioned evidence and documenting the regulations such as the lottery rule, the issued order will be the dispute solution order. The reason for the priority of the term "issuance of qualified order" on the "dispute solution" in the content of the article is that with the existence of the evidence to prove the claims and the possibility of issuing qualified order, there would be no chance for the dispute solution. Also, the reason for the priority of the cause of proofing claim on the regulations of dispute solution is the discovery of that from the right, such a discovery, from which the dispute solution rule is deprived. Regarding that, the law has considered no separation and difference between proof evidence and solution regulations, the nature of the order should be recognized with hesitation in types of the orders due to the causes and documentary regulations.