مباني قانوني و فقهي مسئوليت مدني شهرداري در پرداخت معوض عقب‌ نشيني املاك

Legal and jurisprudential bases of municipal civil liability in paying compensation for property withdrawal

شهرداري، سازماني محلي و نوعي سيستم اداره شهر است كه به منظور اداره امور محلي از قبيل عمران و آباداني، بهداشت، ايجاد تاسيسات شهري و رفاه ساكنين شهر و غيره تاسيس مي‌شود. يكي از وظايف شهرداري‌ها، اجراي طرح‌هاي عمومي و عمراني و ايجاد خيابان و توسعه معابر مي­باشد كه اين اقدامات شهرداري در مواردي محدوديتهايي براي حقوق مالكانه اشخاص ايجاد نموده و باعث ورود خسارت و در نتيجه موجد مسئوليت مدني براي شهرداري مي­گردد. در اين پژوهش به بررسي مباني قانوني و فقهي كه مي‌تواند مستند الزام شهرداري به پرداخت معوض عقب نشيني املاك ناشي از اجراي طرح عمومي گردد، پرداخته شده است ­­­­كه تحليل و تبيين اين موضوع مي‌تواند در احياي حقوق مردم موثر باشد. هدف از اين تحقيق، تشريح مباني قانوني و فقهي مسئوليت شهرداري و تنزيل تشتت آراي قضايي در محاكم و ايجاد وحدت رويه و انعكاس خلأهاي قانوني مي­باشد.

A municipality is a local organization and a kind of city administration system that is established to manage local affairs such as development, health, creating urban facilities and the welfare of city residents, etc. One of the duties of municipalities is to implement public and development projects and to create streets and roads, which in some cases create restrictions on the property rights of individuals and cause damage and thus create civil liability for the municipality. This study examines the legal and jurisprudential principles that can document the obligation of the municipality to pay compensation for the withdrawal of property resulting from the implementation of the public plan, which analysis and explanation can be effective in restoring the rights of the people . The research method in this research is in the field of descriptive-analytical research and the method of collecting information is mainly library in the form of books and articles. The purpose of this research is to explain the legal and jurisprudential principles of municipal responsibility and to reduce the fragmentation of judicial opinions in the courts and to create unity of procedure and reflection of legal gaps.