ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و درﺣﺎلﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ

A Comparative Study of Housing Quality Indicators in Indicators in Selected in developed and developing countries

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﯿﺎز اﺻﻠﯽ اﻧﺴﺎنﻫﺎ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎﯾﯽ دارد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﺳﺎﮐﻨﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺬارد. ﺑﺤﺚ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﺴـﮑﻦ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻬﻢ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻪ در ﻣﯿﺎن ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي درﺣﺎلﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ، اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه و ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ در ﭘﯿﺶﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺟﻬﺎن درﺑﺎره ﻣﻮﺿـﻮع ﮐﯿﻔﯿـﺖ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬاريﻫﺎ، ﻣﻌﻀﻼت و راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﺮوي ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ را ﺟﻬﺖ اﯾﺠـﺎد ﯾـﮏ ﻧﻈـﺎم ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ. در اداﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي درﺣﺎلﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و روش ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﺳﻨﺎدي- ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي اﺳـﺖ. ﺳﯿﺎﺳـﺖ ﻫـﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾـﯽ در ﺣـﻮزه ﻣﺴـﮑﻦ در ﮐﺸـﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ داراي روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﮐﻼن ﻣﻠﯽ و ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ راﻫﺒﺮدي در ﺣـﻮزه ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ رﯾـﺰي ﺷـﻬﺮي اوﻟﻮﯾـﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي درﺣﺎلﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ؛ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل رﺷﺪ ﺑﯽروﯾﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﻼنﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ، ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾـﺪار، اﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﯽ، آﻣﻮزش ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، و ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺑﺮ اﺟﺮاي ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖوﺳﺎز و در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ؛ ﺗـﺪوﯾﻦ ﻗـﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ در ﻣﻔﻬﻮمﺳﺎزي ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺖ، اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ ارزانﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﻋﺎدﻻﻧـﻪ، ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد ﭘﺮوژهﻫـﺎي ﺑﺎزﺳـﺎزي و ﻧﻮﺳـﺎزي ﺷﻬﺮي از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ، از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻦ در ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺴﮑﻦ در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ داراي روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس ﻧﻈﺎمﻫـﺎي اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي، ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﮐﻼن ﻣﻠﯽ و ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ راﻫﺒﺮدي در ﺣﻮزه ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺷﻬﺮي اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ

Introduction: Housing as a basic human need has characteristics that affect its performance as well as residents' satisfaction. The issue of housing quality is one of the most important and debated among the countries of the world, especially developing countries. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the background, actions taken, and the process taken by selected countries around the world on the topic of housing quality an‎d It examines the plans, policies, dilemmas, and strategies of different economic systems to create a proper residential system. Subsequently, indicators of housing quality in developing and developed countries were analyzed separately. Methodology: The research method is descriptive and the method of collecting documentary information is the library. The United Kingdom, Sweden, and the United States were selected as developed countries and Iran, China, and South Africa as developing countries. Result and Discussion: The research shows that in developing countries - overseas metropolitan population growth, development of sustainable buildings, supportive policies, education of suitable housing construction, and supervision of the construction industry and development in developed countries; formulating appropriate laws and key policies, changing culture in conceptualizing housing, creating affordable affordable housing, improving urban reconstruction and renovation projects through Private investment is one of the most important strategies on earth Housing policies in different systems. Conclusion: The policies in housing for the selected countries have different approaches. They are classified based on economic systems, macro problems and strategic urban planning.